1. Roman influence largely lost in era of mass migrations
Early Medieval Art
Roman influence largely lost in era of mass migrations

2. Early Medieval Europe 7th and 8th Century
Late 8th century, Charlemagne will unite and stabilize
Great technological breakthroughs of Roman Empire largely forgotten or not able to be used by migratory people of 7th century
Age of mass migrations across Europe
Atilla the Hun conquered and despoiled large areas of Europe (Dark Ages?)
Vikings came from Scandinavia and invaded Britain & France
Vandals destroyed remains of Roman Civliization
Artist: n/a
Title: Europe of the Early Middle Ages
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a

3. Time Period: 500 - 1050 Civilization/art Time Place Hiberno Saxon
6th - 8th cent.
British Isles
Viking Art
8th - 11th century
Scandinavia (traveled to Brit)
Carolingian Art
8th-9th century
Charlemagne
France, Germany
Ottonian Art
10th-early 11th
Germany

4. Early Medieval Painting
Monasteries main center of learning, very illiterate population
Artists who could both write & draw created illuminated manuscripts
Scribes copied Bible or medical
Codices: made of vellum or parchment, folded into booklets of 8 pages (QUIRES)
Scriptoria: room where nuns & monks painted illuminations, sewn quires together to make a book
Covered with bindings of wood, leather, precious gems, godl leaf
Sacred quality of work
Artist: n/a
Title: Page with Man,Gospel of Saint Matthew, Gospel Book of Durrow,
Medium: Ink and tempera on parchment
Size: 9⅝ X 6⅛" (24.4 X 15.5 cm)
Date: Second half of 7th century
Source/ Museum: Probably made at Iona, Scotland, or northern England, / The Board of Trinity College, Dublin. MS 57 fol, 21v.
Page with Man, Gospel of St. Matthew, Gospel Book of Durrow, 7th century, Scotland/N. Englane

5. Hiberno Saxon Art (Hibernia = Ireland)
Celtic Christians, isolated from Rome, developed own art traditions
Portable works done in the animal style
Metalworks of the Visigoths-eagle symbol
Where else do we see Eagle symbol?
6th century Eagle Brooch

6. Chi Rho Iota, page from The Book of Kells flashcard
Oxgall inks & pigments on vellum, 12” x 9”
Late 8th or early 9th century, Hiberno-Saxon period
Monks fleeing Viking invasion of Scotland made this book
Lavish, richly illustrated book with great complexity of design
Horror vacui style of interlacing patterns
Initials are dominant motifs
Heads & figures of people & animals appear in elaborate design
What does Chi Rho Iota mean?
Artist: n/a
Title: Chi Rho Iota page, Matt. 1:18 from the Book of Kells
Medium: Oxgall inks and pigments on vellum
Size: 12 ¾ X 9½" (325 X 24 cm)
Date: Late 8th or early 9th century
Source/ Museum: Probably made at Iona, Scotland / The Board of Trinity College, Dublin. MS 58, fol. 34r.

7. Can you find the animals with the Communion wafer?
Artist: n/a
Title: Cats and Mice with Host. Detail of Chi Rho Iota page, Matt.1:18, Book of Kells
Medium: Oxgall inks and pigments on vellum
Size: 12 ¾ X 9½" (325 X 24 cm)
Date: Late 8th or early 9th century
Source/ Museum: Probably made at Iona, Scotland. / The Board of Trinity College, Dublin. MS 58, fol. 34r.
Can you find the animals with the
Communion wafer?

8. Where else do we see horror vacui styles?

9. Horror Vacui anyone?

10. Hiberno-Saxon period; flashcard.
Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo Ship Burial, 600 CE, cloissone gold, garnet, enamels
Hiberno-Saxon period; flashcard.
Artist: n/a
Title: Purse Cover, from the Sutton Hoo Burial Ship
Medium: Cloisonné plaques of gold, garnet, and checked millefiore glass
Size: length 8" (20.3 cm)
Date: First half of 7th century
Source/ Museum: Suffolk, England / The British Museum, London
Sutton Hoo ship burial, of a major king or hero; Purse cover designs survive (ivory backing disintegrated). Animal Style hawks attacking ducks. Interlacing patterns of ornamental designs. Cloissonne technique (enamelwork-colored areas sep. by bronze)

11. Viking Art Scandinavia expanded raids on British Isles w/ fast ships
Hit monasteries
Mostly applied art
Animal style, horror vacui
8th-11th centuries
10th century Rune Stones ordered by King Harald Bluetooth

12. Ship symbolized dead warrior’s journey to Valhalla (heaven)
Viking ships were used both for transport, raids, and burials miles per day
Ship symbolized dead warrior’s journey to Valhalla (heaven)
Detail of Gripping Beasts from Oseberg Ship
Date: 9th century
Vikings traded, raided, explored, and colonized (todays) England, Scotland, France, and parts of Russia.
Leif Ericcson reached North America.
Artist: n/a
Title: Gripping Beasts, detail of Oseberg Ship
Medium: Wood
Size: n/a
Date: c. 815–20
Source/ Museum: Vikingskiphuset, Universitets Oldsaksamling, Oslo, Norway

13. 2 highly placed women from Viking court
Animal patterns & interlacing
Boat contained animal sacrifices as well as jewels, precious goods
Prow & Stern end in snakes’ heads
“gripping beasts” design
Women worked in fiber arts; spindle and loom included in burial ship along with tapestries
Artist: n/a
Title: Queen’s Ship
Medium: Wood
Size: length 75' 6" (23 m)
Date: c. 815–20; burial 834
Source/ Museum: Vikingskiphuset, Universitets Oldsaksamling,Oslo, Norway
Queen’s Ship, or Oseberg Ship Burial Wood, 815 CE, Viking burial ship from Oseberg flashcard

14. Viking Architecture - Stave Church from Norway
Timber architecture-large horizontal wooden beams (staves)
Steep pyramidal shape
Crosses & dragons on the gables
Borgund Stave Church, 1125

15. Carolingian Art - Charlemagne
Germanic Franks unified parts of Germany, France, Italy, Low Countries w/Christianity
Bonds between Pope & Emperor Charlemagne
Patronage??
Charlemagne revived arts & learning, emphasized Education
Benedictine monks
Capital at Aachen, Germany
ROMAN REVIVAL!!!!!!!!!
Equestrian Statue, 9th century, possibly Charlemagne- hierarchy of scale?

16. Carolingian Architecture
Charles the Great = Charlemagne
Planned Aachen to be new Rome
Built bath houses, monasteries, churches, etc. such as St. Riquier
Elaborate westworks (central entrance beneath 2nd story chapel, flanked by elaborate towers)
Cloister = open air courtyard
Abbey Church of Saint Riquier, Carolingian interpretation of Roman basilica

17. Plan of the Abbey of St. Gall, Original from 1092, (redrawn)
Ideal monastic community
Church symbolic and literal center
Cloistered monks never leave except to farm
Workshops for leather, pottery
Carolingian church w/westwork
Church was never built AFAIK
Artist: n/a
Title: Plan of the Abbey of Saint Gall (Redrawn), c Original in red ink on parchment, 28 X 44⅛" (71.1 X Cm). Stiftsbibliothek, St. Gallen, Switzerland. Cod. Sang. 1092
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a

18. Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, 9th century, Aachen, Germany
flashcard
Artist: n/a
Title: Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, interior view
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: 792–805
Source/ Museum: Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Germany
Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, 9th century, Aachen, Germany
Odo of Metz (interior), Centrally planned chapel for Charlemagne; Dome made of spherical triangles. Throne located in gallery halfway between heaven & earth
Largest arches on2nd floor, columns fill space, don’t support arch
Design inspired by Church of San Vitale - Ravenna Italy. Byzantine syle mosaics.

19. Design inspired by Church of San Vitale on right
Artist: n/a
Title: Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, interior view
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: 792–805
Source/ Museum: Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Germany
Design inspired by Church of San Vitale on right

20. Utrecht Psalter (page with Psalm 23) 13” x 10”
9th century (Caroiingian)
Flashcard
Richly illustrated ink drawings on vellum of the psalms of the Bible
One color (unlike Book of Kells & other manuscripts)
Small initials
Literal translation of psalms
Style with agitated gestures, active violence
Artist: n/a
Title: Page with Psalm 23, Utrecht Psalter
Medium: Ink on vellum or parchment
Size: 13 X 9⅞" (33 X 25 cm)
Date: Second quarter of 9th century
Source/ Museum: Universiteitsbibliotheek, Utrecht, Holland. MS 32, fol. 13r.

21. Coronation Gospels, Page with Matthew the Evangelist (flashcard)
13” x 10”
Early 9th century (Carolingian period)
Carolingians promoted learning & Christianity
Imperial workshops-carefully edited texts
RETURN OF THE HUMAN FIGURE in these books
Each monastery had distinct style..
Godelscalc, Ebbo, Etc.
Influence on figure???
(REVIVAL)
Artist: n/a
Title: Page with Matthew the Evangelist, Gospel of Matthew, Coronatinon Gospels
Medium: n/a
Size: 12 ¾ X 9⅞" (36.3 X 25 cm)
Date: Early 9th century
Source/ Museum: Kunsthistorische Museum, Vienna

22. This page of Matthew the Evangelist is from the Ebbo Gospels.
Successor of Charlemagne, Louis the Pious… Ebbo was friend and patron of arts.
Expressive intensity
Uses brush like a pen
Created new style of writing
Artist: n/a
Title: Page with Matthew the Evangelist, Gospel of Matthew, Ebbo Gospels
Medium: Ink, gold, and colors on vellum
Size: 10 ¼ X 8¾" (26 X 22.2 cm)
Date: Second quarter of 9th century
Source/ Museum: Bibliothèque Municipale, Épernay, France. MS 1, fol. 18v.

23. Lindau Gospels, outer cover Late 9th century, Carolingian period
Gold with pearls, sapphires, emeralds & garnets
Monastic workshop of Charlemagne’s grandson
Became the cover of magnifcently illustrated Lindau Gospels
Goldsmith technique = ________
Jesus in classical pose
Carolingian empire ended when Vikings took over at end of 9th century.
Artist: n/a
Title: Crucifixion with Angels and Mourning Figures, outer cover, Lindau Gospels
Medium: Gold, pearls, sapphires, garnets, and emeralds
Size: 13¾ X 10⅜" (36.9 X 26.7 cm)
Date: c. 870–80
Source/ Museum: The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. MS 1

24. Ottonian Art & Architecture
Otto defeasted Vikings and reunited Europe
Revitalized church & spiritual values
Rome & Early Christian influence
Imperial imagery from Carolinian
Bronze doors, large stone Mon.
Interior arches & windows don’t line up
Church of St. Cyriakis, Belgium

25. Doors of Bishop Bernward, Church of St. Michael,
11th century Germany (Ottonian)
16’6” high, bronze doors
FIRST Bronze major casing since antiquity, style looks like Utrecht Psalter
Imperial influence: Pantheon, Aachen had bronze doors w/o decoration
Rectangular panels with few figures, bare landscapes, lively gestures
Bony figures, vitality and lively
Emphasis on feet, hands, heads
flashcard
Artist: n/a
Title: Doors of Bishop Bernward
Medium: Bronze
Size: height 16' 6" (5 m)
Date: 1015
Source/ Museum: Made for the Abbey Church of Saint Michael, Hildesheim, Germany

26. Diagram of the Doors of Bishop Bernward
Artist: n/a
Title: Schematic Diagram of the message of the Doors of Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a

27. Page with Otto III Enthroned Late 10th century
Aachen Gospels
Page with Otto III Enthroned
Late 10th century
Ink, gold, colors on vellum
Otto III shown enthroned in center
Surrounded by a mandorla and symbols of the evangelists
Made in scriptoria near Reichenau
WHAT WAS THE FUNCTION OF THIS ARTWORK?
WHO WAS THE PATRON?
Warriors & Bishops face each other in bottom of page
flashcard
Artist: n/a
Title: Page with Otto III Enthroned, Liuthar Gospels (Aachen Gospels)
Medium: Ink, gold, and colors on vellum
Size: 10⅞ X 8½" (27.9 X 21.8 m)
Date: c. 996
Source/ Museum: Cathedral Treasury, Aachen

28. Gero Crucifix, Cologne Cathedral Ottonian period (10th century)
Painted & gilded wood
6’2” figure
Return of large monumental sculpture
Emotional suffering
Rounded forms
Hanging from a cross for the first time!!!!!!
flashcard
Artist: n/a
Title: Gero Crucifix
Medium: Painted and gilded wood
Size: height of figure 6'2" (1.88 m)
Date: c. 970
Source/ Museum: Cologne Cathedral, Germany

29. Aachen Gospels of Otto III
Page w/Christ washing the feet of his disciples
Ink, gold, colors on vellum
Early 11th century
What influences do you see in the figures here? The colors?
Artist: n/a
Title: Page with Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples, Aachen Gospels of Otto III
Medium: Ink, gold, and colors on vellum
Size: approx. 8 X 6" (20.5 X 14.5 cm)
Date: c. 1000
Source/ Museum: n/a

30. Emeterius & Ende, scribe Senior Page with the Bird and the Serpent
Islamic influence in Spanish art
ART OF THE BOOK PROJECT!!!
You may use this as an example…
Artist: Emeterius and Ende, with the scribe Senior
Title: Page with Battle of the Bird and the Serpent, Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus and Commentary on Daniel by Jerome (Detail)
Medium: Tempera on parchment
Size: 15 ¾ X 10¼" (40 X 26 cm)
Date: Completed July 6, 975
Source/ Museum: Made for Abbot Dominicus, probably at the Monastery of San Salvador at Tábara, León, Spain / Cathedral Library, Gerona, Spain. MS 7[11], fol. 18v.