1. Markers represent edge of sightlines Outline of pavement area around the car the driver cannot see from the driver’s seat Rectangles are the tire patches and asterisks represent the vehicle’s forward and rear turning axis T – 2.33 ** Forward Rear

2.  Blind spots are dangerous areas which cannot be seen in the mirrors on either or both sides of the vehicle.  Quick turns of the head (over the shoulders)  Avoid other driver’s blind spots!

3. Rear and Side Mirrors The Driver’s View: The inside rearview mirror provides the widest field of view Adjust to see the entire rear window frame and the area 200’ to the rear Adjust each side mirror 15 ° degrees outward until you can barely see the side of your vehicle, so you maximize the view of the lane next to your vehicle Adjusting the Vehicle for You

4.  Probably every time you drive, you need to change lanes or merge into traffic. These routine maneuvers can cause dangerous situations.  The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that there are 630,000 lane change/merge crashes each year, causing 225 fatalities.  The Blindspot and Glare Elimination (BGE) mirror setting was developed in 1996 by a member of the Society of Automotive Engineers named George Platzer.BGE

5.  Only a brief glance at the side mirror and inside mirror is needed.  By glancing at the mirror, you keep the road ahead in your peripheral vision.  REMEMBER: Turning your head completely eliminates the road ahead from your field of vision.  Glare from the side mirrors is almost entirely eliminated. You should no longer have a trailing car’s headlights shine directly into your eyes.

6. Traditional Mirror Views and Blind Spots Traditional Mirror Views and Blind Spots Notice the large blind zone areas and the overlap between the side and rear mirrors when using traditional mirror settings. T – 2.34 Topic 5 Lesson 1 Rear view mirror ( ) Left side view mirror Right side view mirror Left mirror blind zone Right mirror blind zone

8. Basic view from the driver seat -centered -can see dashboard panel -clear view of roadway What do you notice is wrong with this picture?

9.  Mirrors are tilted towards car  Mirrors show the driver the side of their car  What is the point of seeing down the side of YOUR car?

11.  What do we have here?!  Mirrors tilted out, away from car  Driver should see very little of their own car

14. To adjust passenger side: 1. Move body to the middle of car (in front of rear view) 2. Adjust mirror to see down side of car. 3. Once you are back in the proper seated position, you should only see a small, sliver of your car; if any at all…

15.  Again, we can see down the side of OUR car  We have no idea where other cars are

16.  With mirrors tilted outward, we are able to see more of what surrounds the car

19. The BGE enhanced side mirror settings (15 degrees to outside) eliminates right and left side mirror blind areas Reference: Blindzone & Glare Elimination (BGE) Mirror Settings (G. Platzer, 1996) ENHANCED LEFT SIDE MIRROR VIEW ENHANCED RIGHT SIDE MIRROR VIEW REAR MIRROR VIEW Adjusting the Vehicle for You

20. Safety belts (seatbelts) are designed so the forces in a crash are absorbed by the strongest skeletal bones of the body: hip bone (pelvis) chest (sternum) shoulder Adjusting the Vehicle for You Safety Belts

21.  Sit with shoulders and lower back firmly against seat  Snug the lap belt secured across rib cage and bony pelvic area Adjust shoulder belt height with movable anchors on pillars so the belt does not rub against your neck Check passengers for proper fit Adjusting the Vehicle to Fit You

22. Additional Safety Belt Concerns  Keeping the seat back in an upright position avoids the submarine effect of the lower body in a frontal crash. SUBMARINE EFFECT: slide forward in the seat and out from under the belt, in a frontal collision

23. Knowledge and Safety

24.  Passengers younger than 12 are safer sitting in the rear seat  Safest if seated in back center seat  Infants must always be secured in a rear-facing rear seat restraint  Booster seats provide the correct position for children to wear adult safety belts as they grow taller Adjusting the Vehicle for Your Passengers Child Safety Seats and Booster Seats

25. Types of Child Safety Seats DOE PP > Module 8 Forward Facing Child Restraints Rear Facing Infant Seat Booster Seats Up to 20 LBS Up to 40 LBS Over 40 LBS until age 8

26. Safety Belts DMVM > 20 Text Book > 120  Can double your chances of surviving a crash and more than double your chances of avoiding serious injury.  Reduces chances of being killed by 50% and reduces chance of serious injury by 70%.

27. Virginia Safety Belt Laws DMVM > 20  Requires drivers and front seat passengers to use safety belts.  A driver transporting anyone through age 15 must ensure that the child is properly secured in a safety belt, booster seat or child safety seat no matter where the child is seated.

28. Buckle up to guard against additional injury from a secondary collision or ejection from the vehicle 3 Parts of a Collision : 1. The vehicle collision, the car hits something. 2. The occupant collision, the occupant hits unsecured items inside the vehicle. 3. The organs of the body collide with the skeletal system.