1. Gå till första sidan Manure handling Göran Carlson JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering

2. Nutrient flows from agriculture

3. Components in manure

4. Water Spilt water Dishwater Cleaning water Precipitation - evaporation Litter Bedding material Feed residuals

5. Factors influencing the distribution of components in manure

6. Chemical composition of Solid and Semi-solid manure Bild diagram flyt- resp fastgödsel Kg/tonnes Total NAmmonia NPhosphorusPotassium

7. Chemical composition of slurry Kg/tonnes PhosphorusAmmonia N Potassium Total N

8. Availability and loss of N for manure from milking cows

9. Aspects on manure handling systems

10. Basic rules for planning manure handling systems Analyse and discuss the situation on each farm in order to select a suitable manure handling system which : Optimises utilisation of nutrients Supports good animal welfare to achieve high production Create good and safe working conditions

11. Basic rules for planning manure handling systems, cont. The most suitable manure handling system for an individual farm could not be selected without taking into account: All other handling chains on the farm The farmer’s knowledge and future plans The farmer’s economic situation

12. Important parameters for planning of manure handling systems Selection of handling system depends on the farmers knowledge, interests and planning horizon

13. JTI - Institutet för jordbruks- och miljöteknik

14. Types of manure in Sweden According to Satistics Sweden 1987/881992/931998/99 0 20 40 60 80 100 Solid manure Semi-solid manure Urine Slurry

15. Mucking out

16. Why should I work for a well functioning manure handling system in my barn? Higher production Cleaner animals Better animal health Better hygienic status Better working conditions

21. Manure Spreading

22. Spreading precision, application rate, longitudinal and transversal

23. Factors causing ammonia emissions

24. Rear discharge, one-step spreader, vertical beaters

25. Rear discharge, one-step spreader, horizontal beaters

27. Rear discharge, two-step spreader, horizontal beaters + spreading discs

28. Rear discharge, two-step spreader, longitudinal augers + spreading discs, especially for semi-solid manure

29. Slurry spreader with splash plate

30. Slurry spreader with trailing hoses

31. Spreading technique for slurry in Sweden 1998/99 According to Statistics Sweden Entire country 66% splash plate 26% trailing hoses 8 % technique unknown Southern Sweden 43 % splash plate 56% trailing hoses 1% technique unknown

32. Advantages and disadvantages, shallow injection versus traditional technique Advantages: Low ammonia losses Improved feed quality Higher N-utilisation Low odour emissions Disadvantages: Increased power requirement Increased spreading costs Risk for damage in ley

33. Harvested winter wheat after broadcast and band spreading of slurry at different occasions

34. Hygienic risks in grassland cropping