1. Seabirds

2. A.Diversity: 2.Diet Small zooplankton – Prions Fishes – Penguins Squids – Petrels Benthic invertebrates – Razorbill Other birds – Petrels Resource partitioning is common (minimizes competition)

3. Seabirds A.Diversity: 3.Geographic Range Stay in same region or travel thousands of kilometers B.Beak Shape

4. Seabirds C.Prey Capture pelican

5. Marine Mammals A.General Characteristics

6. Marine Mammals A.General Characteristics Endotherms and homeotherms Hair Viviparous Placenta Mammary glands Have few young Large and complex brain

7. Marine Mammals B.Order Pinnipedia Evolved from terrestrial carnivores Predators - Fishes, squids Streamlined bodies Blubber layer under skin Inhibit loss of body heat through Large body size (low surface:volume) Bristly hair Many nest in rookeries Males establish territories and harems

8. Marine Mammals B.Order Pinnipedia 1.Seals (19 Species) Rear flippers can’t be rotated forward Swim with rear flippers Video VideoVideo Undulate body to move on land Include largest pinniped Elephant seals can reach 20 ft long and 3600 kg Threatened by hunting and coastal development Weddell LeopardCrabeater Harbor S. Elephant Video

9. Marine Mammals B.Order Pinnipedia 2.Sea Lions (5 species) Rear flippers can be rotated forward Swim with front flippers Video VideoVideo Rotate limbs and can walk on land External ears 3.Fur Seals (9 species) Related to sea lions Formerly hunted for fur

10. Marine Mammals B.Order Pinnipedia

11. Marine Mammals B.Order Pinnipedia 4.Walrus (1 species) Feeds on benthic invertebrates, mostly clams Tusks used for defense or as anchors in ice

12. Marine Mammals B.Order Carnivora 1.Sea otter (1 species) Smallest marine mammal (average male 25-35 kg) No blubber layer Insulation from air trapped in dense fur Keystone predators in west coast kelp forests Voracious – Eat up to 25% of body weight daily

13. Marine Mammals B.Order Carnivora 1.Sea otter (1 species)

14. Marine Mammals B.Order Carnivora 2.Polar bear (1 species) Semiaquatic Considerable time in water Feed primarily on seals Capture prey through breathing holes in ice Impacted by climate change

15. Marine Mammals C.Order Sirenia Manatees, Dugongs and Seacows Front flippers, no rear limbs Swim mainly with tail VideoVideo Thick blubber layer Strictly vegetarian Manatees reach 4.5 m, 600 kg Major threats from coastal development and boat traffic

16. Marine Mammals C.Order Sirenia

17. Marine Mammals C.Order Cetacea Whales, dolphins, porpoises 90 species – 85 marine, 5 freshwater (dolphins) Front flippers, tail, no rear limbs Streamlined for efficient swimming Example of convergent evolution

18. Marine Mammals C.Order Cetacea Blubber Blowhole on dorsal surface