1. TOE IN/TOE OUT MEASUREMENT

2. Customer Concern When vehicle is being driven straight the steering wheel is off center. The steering wheel has to be held crooked to go straight. What could cause this situation?

4. Toe Angle : The toe angle identifies the exact direction the tires are pointed compared to the centerline of the vehicle when viewed from directly above.

5. Toe is stated: Positive if the front of the tire is pointed towards the vehicle Negative if the front of the tire is pointed away from the vehicle

6. Toe Specifications are displayed as: Decimals Millimeters Degrees

7. Toe Specifications are expressed as totals of the front and rear axle. Example: L/F @0.10° and R/F @0.20° = 0.30°

8. Math Concepts needed in understanding of Toe Angles Angles and decimal measurements are used to determine tolerance ranges compared to manufactures specifications

9. For vehicles with non-adjustable rear suspensions 1.Angle readings are measured at all four wheels. 2.The steering is centered. 3.Front wheels are referenced to rear thrust line and set to specifications. 4.Result – All 4 wheels are parallel and the steering is centered.

10. For vehicles with adjustable rear suspensions 1.Angle readings are measured at all four wheels. 2.Rear wheels are set to specification. (rear thrust line corresponds to vehicle centerline) 3.Steering wheel is centered. 4.Front wheels are referenced to the rear thrust line and set to specification. 5.Result – all four wheels are positioned straight ahead and parallel, and the steering wheel is centered.

11. Describe an example of tolerance range What are some basic angle measurements Describe parallel and perpendicular What is the conversion factor for inch to millimeter

12. 2000 Ford Taurus with toe specifications – Front Total Toe: -0.20° preferred setting Tolerance range: 0.05° to -0.45° Rear Total Toe: -0.36° Tolerance range: -0.11° to -0.61° The results of the vehicle readings – L/F Wheel: 0.10° R/F Wheel: 0.20° R/R Wheel: 0.18° L/R Wheel: -0.32° Which wheels need to be adjusted? And by how much?

13. WORKSHEET OF TOLERANCE RANGE PROBLEMS