1. Self Assembly : Nature’s Way To Do It Arbel Artzy Schnirman Biology Seminar 2008 Part 1

2. Self Assembly Self-Assembly (SA) is the spontaneous organization of molecules or objects into well-defined aggregates via noncovalent interactions (or forces) Building Blocks: molecules and objects with coded information for self-assembly Processing: mix, shake, and form product

3. Attractive Features of Self- Assembly Understanding life Self-assembly proceeds spontaneously The self-assembled structure is often at or close to thermodynamic equilibrium Self-assembly tends to reject defects, and also has self-healing capability Self-assembly is one of the few practical strategies for making ensembles of nanostructures

4. The development of self-assembly as a useful approach to the synthesis and manufacturing of complex systems and materials has been identified as a "grand challenge" in the 2003 U.S. National Academies report "Beyond the Molecular Frontier". http://www.nap.edu/books/0309084776/html Science magazine included (7/1/05) "How far can we push chemical self-assembly" in the top-25 list of "big questions" facing science. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5731/95 http://www.nap.edu/books/0309084776/html http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5731/95

6. Principles of Molecular Self- Assembly PNAS April 16, 2002 vol. 99 no. 8 4769–4774

7. Present Application SCIENCE VOL 295 29 MARCH 2002

8. Future Applications Crystallization at All Scales Robotics and Manufacturing Nanoscience and Technology Microelectronics “We understand very little about how dissipation of energy leads to the emergence of ordered structures from disordered components in these systems. But we know that they are vitally important in the cell. That knowledge, by itself, makes it worthwhile to study them” SCIENCE VOL 295 29 MARCH 2002

10. Inspiration byNature Inspiration by Nature NATURE VOL 409 18 JANUARY 2001 René Binet’s entrance to the World Exposition in Paris, 1900, inspired by Haeckel’s drawings of radiolarians

11. Why DNA? "The nucleic-acid 'system' that operates in terrestrial life is optimized (through evolution) chemistry incarnate. Why not use it... to allow human beings to sculpt something new, perhaps beautiful, perhaps useful, certainly unnatural." Roald Hoffmann, writing in American Scientist, 1994 Roald Hoffmann, writing in American Scientist, 1994 Diameter of about 2 nanometres Short structural repeat (helical pitch) of about 3.4–3.6 nm Stiffness with a persistence length of around 50 nm Programmable molecular recognition-Sticky-ended

12. One Dimension One Dimension Higher Dimension Higher Dimension

14. Construction of a DNA Truncated Octahedron J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

15. 2 4 3 156

16. 5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACCTGAACCTTAAGTGTGGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3 5-ACACCAAGGTTCACCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATTTTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGGACACTTAGGCTAC-3 J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

17. 5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACCTGAACCT-3 5-ACACCAAGGTTCACCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATT-3 5-TTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGGACACTTAGGCTAC-3 5-TAAGTGTGGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3 J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

18. 5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACC 5-ACACCAAGGTTCACCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATT-3 5-TTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGGACACTTAGGCTAC-3 GGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3 5-TAAGTGT TGAACCT-3 J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

19. 5-ACACCAAGGTTCA CCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATT-3 5-TTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGG ACACTTAGGCTAC-3 5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACC GGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3 5-TAAGTGT TGAACCT-3 J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

20. TGAACCT-3 5-TTGTTCCAGATCTAAATACC GGTATTTAGATCTGGAACTT-3 5-ACACCAAGGTTCA CCGACCAGCGCCTGCTCATT-3 5-TTTATGAGCAGGCGCTGGTCGG 5-TAAGTGT ACACTTAGGCTAC-3 J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

22. 16 Yield: 10% J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

33. Yield: 1% J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

36. Yield: 30% J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

37. 2 4 3 156

38. 2

39. 2 Each of the 7 links yield: 50% Total yield: < 1% J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1994,116, 1661-1669

40. Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra NATURE| Vol 452 13 March 2008

41. Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra NATURE| Vol 452 13 March 2008

42. Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra NATURE| Vol 452 13 March 2008

44. Origami First step Origami First step NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006

45. Origami Second step

46. NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006 Origami third step

47. NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006 Origami Fourth step Origami Fourth step

48. NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006 Origami Fifth step Origami Fifth step

49. NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006 Examples

50. NATURE Vol 440 16 March 2006 Examples

51. Self-assembly is one of the few practical strategies for making ensembles of nanostructures Summary DNA will be a key player in bottom-up nanotechnology nanotechnology

53. 1.Ball, P. (2001) Nature 409, 413-416. 2.He, Y., Ye, T., Su, M., Zhang, C., Ribbe, A. E., Jiang, W. & Mao, C. (2008) Nature 452, 198-201. 3.Kamien, R. D. (2003) Science 299, 1671-1673. 4.Rothemund, P. W. K. (2006) Nature 440, 297-302. 5.Seeman, N. C. (2003) Nature 421, 427-431. 6.Whitesides, G. M. & Grzybowski, B. (2002) Science 295, 2418-2421. 7.Zhang, Y. & Seeman, N. C. (1994) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 1661-1669.