1. Electri-City Energy Efficiency Technologies, Monitoring Systems, and Economic Structures to Save American Cities Energy and Money

2. The Challenge + Opportunity Problems: Lack of clear incentives Lack of energy management training No comprehensive energy tracking system Energy management administered on building, not municipal level Budget cuts have led to maintenance backlogs, making public buildings particularly inefficient In our proposal, we focus on practical solutions that can help cities to quickly identify the most cost-effective projects, get past bureaucratic gridlock for funding and implementation, and turn their buildings into models for sustainability.

3. Four Core Recommendations 1. Prioritize whole-building retrofits and energy efficiency technologies. 2. Collect, track, and share energy use data for public buildings. 3. Create a framework for successful Public- Private Partnerships. 4. Finance these projects through an innovative funding scheme that allows projects to pay for themselves.

4. Why Whole Building Retrofits? Building owners typically take the measure-by-measure approach, in which projects arise from individual equipment failure → high marginal cost of replacement Whole building retrofit: An integrated process that considers interactions between components to achieve optimal cost and energy efficiency Obstacles to whole-building approach: Higher upfront cost Longer payoff time Why whole building retrofits are worth pursuing: Decreases operating costs Increases building value More comfortable interior, less moisture penetration Decrease energy consumption DEEPER energy efficiency with financial paybacks in long run

5. Decision-Making for whole building Retrofit (i) The energy management office must determine whether or not it is worthwhile to retrofit an existing building. Structurally sound? Free of environmental hazards? Disrupted occupants (ii) If existing building conditions are worthwhile to upgrade, determine if existing systems are optimally operational before replacing them. Perform energy audit (iii) Conduct retrofit Selected technical recommendations to follow

6. Retrofit Technologies 1. Lighting - 21% building electricity consumption o LEDs are far more efficient than standard incandescent lightbulbs o Replacing conventional lighting with LEDs can yield high energy and cost savings Ex: A lighting retrofit in a teen detention center in VA that cost $6,000 yielded expected annual savings of $480,000 and a 14% reduction in electricity use

7. 2. Insulation Traditional: blankets, batts, rigid foam boards (resist conduction) More efficient retrofits: o Reflective or radiant barriers that deflect radiant heat and can reduce cooling load up to 10% o Sprayed-foam and foamed-in place insulation o Structural insulated panels (SIPs) have the highest heat resistance and are very airtight (can yield energy savings of 12-14%) http://www.stantonhomes.com/images/SIP construction (http://www.sip.org)

8. 3. Spectrally Selective Window Glass Ex: In a warm climate, a spectrally selective coating can allow 70% of visible light to be transmitted but reject most of the infrared radiation that causes heat build-up and also block UV light http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/buildings/homes/ windows/films.htm

9. 4. Renewable Energy Solar Water Heating (flat-plate solar collectors) o Can contribute 20% of heating needs Geothermal ground-source heat pump o Save up to 50% of electricity consumption for heating; lifetimes of up to 40-50 years 5. Other Miscellaneous Component Retrofits ●HVAC and lighting sensors ●Green roof ●Using LEED rating system ●Installing meters to measure energy consumption real time ●Recycling and reusing construction debris ●Replacing energy and water appliances and components for higher- efficiency upgrades

11. Precedent: Brighton

12. LONG-TERM POLICY: PARTNERSHIPs Public Private Partnerships Given the diverse nature of the buildings in the city’s portfolio, ESCOs should act as consultants and intermediaries to implementing EE interventions Portfolio Risk Management the city and ESCOs should work together to create built-in portfolio risk mitigation (PRM) into the projects selected

13. Energy Efficiency Database

14. 4 FEOS FUNDING PROPOSAL Fund for Energy Optimization and Sustainability Special Projects Fund Seed Money Corporate Sponsorship Program Funds: In-Kind Contributions Energy Efficiency Projects approved by selection committee yearly energy cost savings from projects put back directly into FEOS 25% of first year energy savings go back to departments and employees

15. Precedents Pittsburgh, Green Initiatives Trust FundAlaska, Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund, AEERLP provides financing for permanent energy-efficient improvements to buildings owned by the state or cities. Borrowers obtain an Investment Grade Audit as basis for retrofit Guaranteed savings from energy efficiency improvements are used to repay the loan.

16. Corporate Sponsorship Advertising and the media: an imperative factor of funding success. Precedents: o Chesapeake Fund and its successful organization between government agencies and individual/corporate sponsorship. o Wisconsin Environmental Initiative and the categorization of sponsorship in order to spur competition to contribute to fund.

17. Four Steps to Reduce Energy use by 20% Establish a self-renewing financing mechanism Channel funds into whole-building retrofits Track progress and encourage participation through use of WattVision sensors Form strategic partnerships to accomplish this