1. Principal's Workshop: How Does the Common Core Change What We Look For in the Math Classroom? Panama City, Florida January 22 & 23, 2013 Presenter: Elaine Watson, Ed.D.

2. Hunt Institute Video: The Importance of Mathematical Practice http://vimeo.com/album/1702025/video/2956800 8

3. 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving “It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer.” Albert Einstein

4. 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving 5th Grade Perseverance

5. 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Mathematically proficient students: Explain to self the meaning of a problem and look for entry points to a solution Analyze givens, constraints, relationships and goals Make conjectures about the form and meaning of the solution

6. 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Mathematically proficient students: Plan a solution pathway rather than simply jump into a solution attempt Consider analogous problems Try special cases and simpler forms of original problem

7. 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Mathematically proficient students: Monitor and evaluate their progress and change course if necessary… “Does this approach make sense?”

8. 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Mathematically proficient students: Persevere in Solving by: Transforming algebraic expressions Changing the viewing window on a graphing calculator Moving between the multiple representations of: Equations, verbal descriptions, tables, graphs, diagrams

9. 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Mathematically proficient students: Check their answers “Does this answer make sense?” Does it include correct labels? Are the magnitudes of the numbers in the solution in the general ballpark to make sense in the real world?

10. 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Mathematically proficient students: Check their answers Verify solution using a different method Compare approach with others: How does their approach compare with mine? Similarities Differences

11. 2. Reason Abstractly and Quantitatively Mathematically proficient students: Make sense of quantities and their relationships in a problem situation Bring two complementary abilities to bear on problems involving quantitative relationships: The ability to… decontextualize to abstract a given situation, represent it symbolically, manipulate the symbols as if they have a life of their own contextualize to pause as needed during the symbolic manipulation in order to look back at the referent values in the problem

12. 2. Reason Abstractly and Quantitatively Mathematically proficient students: Reason Quantitatively, which entails habits of: Creating a coherent representation of the problem at hand considering the units involved Attending to the meaning of quantities, not just how to compute them Knowing and flexibly using different properties of operations and objects

13. Watch the video and note where you see evidence of Middle School Classifying Equations 1. Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving 2. Reason Abstractly and Quantitatively

14. 3.Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others Mathematically proficient students: Understand and use… stated assumptions, definitions, and previously established results… when constructing arguments

15. 3.Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others In order for students to be practicing this standard, they need to be talking to each other, so teachers need to plan lessons that include a lot of large group and small group discussions. A classroom culture must be cultivated in which it is as safe to disagree as it is to agree.

16. 3.Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others Here are some sentence structures from the first video: I agree that ______________ because __________ I disagree because __________________________ How can we be sure? What do you think? Are you convinced? Do we all agree?

17. 3.Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others What SMPs do you observe the students practicing? Here's the Problem from the video: Write several different types of equations for 2.4. Draw some different types of pictures to represent 2.4. Is 2.4 the same thing as the quotient 2 remainder 4? Why or why not? http://youtu.be/EA3YkawKEWc http://youtu.be/EA3YkawKEWc

18. 4. Model with Mathematics Modeling is both a K - 12 Practice Standard and a 9 – 12 Content Standard.

19. 4. Model with Mathematics Mathematically proficient students: Use powerful tools for modeling: Diagrams or graphs Spreadsheets Algebraic Equations

20. 4. Model with Mathematics Mathematically proficient students: Models we devise depend upon a number of factors: How precise do we need to be? What aspects do we most need to undertand, control, or optimize? What resources of time and tools do we have?

21. 4. Model with Mathematics Mathematically proficient students: Models we devise are also constrained by: Limitations of our mathematical, statistical, and technical skills Limitations of our ability to recognize significant variables and relationships among them

22. Modeling Cycle The word “modeling” in this context is used as a verb that describes the process of transforming a real situation into an abstract mathematical model.

23. Modeling Cycle Problem Formulate Compute Interpret Validate Report

24. Modeling Cycle Problem Identify variables in the situation Select those that represent essential features Problem Identify variables in the situation Select those that represent essential features

25. Modeling Cycle Formulate Select or create a geometrical, tabular, algebraic, or statistical representation that describes the relationships between the variables Formulate Select or create a geometrical, tabular, algebraic, or statistical representation that describes the relationships between the variables

26. Modeling Cycle Compute Analyze and perform operations on these relationships to draw conclusions Compute Analyze and perform operations on these relationships to draw conclusions

27. Modeling Cycle Interpret Interpret the result of the mathematics in terms of the original situation Interpret Interpret the result of the mathematics in terms of the original situation

28. Modeling Cycle Validate Validate the conclusions by comparing them with the situation… Validate Validate the conclusions by comparing them with the situation…

29. Modeling Cycle Validate Re - Formulate Report on conclusions and reasoning behind them

30. Modeling Cycle Problem Formulate Compute Interpret Validate Report

31. 6. Attend to precision Mathematically proficient students: Try to communicate precisely to others: Use clear definitions State the meaning of symbols they use Use the equal sign consistently and appropriately Specify units of measure Label axes

32. 6. Attend to precision Mathematically proficient students: Try to communicate precisely to others Calculate accurately and efficiently Express numerical answers with a degree of precision appropriate for the problem context Give carefully formulated explanations to each other Can examine claims and make explicit use of definitions

33. 6. Attend to precision Students Practicing and Discussing Precision

34. Use the Standards for Mathematical Practice Lesson Alignment Template. What SMPs do you see? http://ummedia04.rs.itd.umich.edu/~dams/umgen eral/seannumbers-ofala- xy_subtitled_59110_QuickTimeLarge.mov

35. 7. Look for and make use of structure Mathematically proficient students: Look closely to discern a pattern or structure In x 2 + 9x + 14, can see the 14 as 2 x 7 and the 9 as 2 + 7 Can see complicated algebraic expressions as being composed of several objects: 5 – 3 (x – y) 2 is seen as 5 minus a positive number times a square, so its value can’t be more than 5 for any real numbers x and y

36. 8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Mathematically proficient students: Notice if calculations are repeated Look for both general methods and for shortcuts Maintain oversight of the process while attending to the details.

37. What Practice Standards do you see? Sean: Is 6 Even and Odd?

38. Do All 8 Practice Standards Need to be Used in Every Lesson? There are some rich problems that elicit all 8 of the Practice Standards. However, these types of problems can’t be done on a daily basis. Instructional time still needs to be balanced between building the students’ technical skills and No…but the teacher should plan so that over the span of a few days, the students are given learning opportunities to of the practicing standards

39. A Balanced Approach math facts how to approach and a novel situation procedures mathematically

40. Math Facts and Procedures Memorizing Math Facts and Naked Number Exercises are Important! Practice Standards that apply: #2 Reason Quantitatively #6 Attend to Precision #7 Look for and Use Structure #8 Use Repeated Reasoning

41. Does Every Worthwhile Problem Have to Model a Real World Situation?

43. What SMPs Do You Observe Maya Practicing? What errors do you notice? What would you do to have Maya notice the errors? Maya Representing 52

44. Let’s Practice Some Modeling Students can: start with a model and interpret what it means in real world terms OR start with a real world problem and create a mathematical model in order to solve it.

45. Possible or Not? Here is an example of a task where students look at mathematical models (graphs of functions) and determine whether they make sense in a real world situation.

46. Possible or Not?

47. Questions: Mr. Hedman is going to show you several graphs. For each graph, please answer the following: A. Is this graph possible or not possible? B.If it is impossible, is there a way to modify it to make it possible? C. All graphs can tell a story, create a story for each graph.

48. One A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

49. Two A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

50. Three A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

51. Four A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

52. Five A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

53. Six A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

54. Seven A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

55. Eight A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

56. Nine A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

57. Ten A. Possible or not? B. How would you modify it? C. Create a story.

58. All 10 Graphs What do all of the possible graphs have in common?

59. And now... For some brief notes on functions!!!! Lesson borrowed and modified from Shodor.Shodor Musical Notes borrowed from Abstract Art Pictures Collection.Abstract Art Pictures Collection.

60. Pyramid of Pennies Here is an example of a task where students look at a real world problem, create a question, and create a mathematical model that will solve the problem.

61. Dan Meyer’s 3-Act Process Act I Show an image or short video of a real world situation in which a question can be generated that can be solved by creating a mathematical model.

62. Pyramid of Pennies 3-Act http://mrmeyer.com/threeacts/pyramid ofpennies/

63. Dan Meyer’s 3-Act Process Act I (continued) 1. How many pennies are there? 2. Guess as close as you can. 3. Give an answer you know is too high. 4. Give an answer you know is too low.

64. Dan Meyer’s 3-Act Process Act 2 Students determine the information they need to solve the problem. The teacher gives only the information students ask for.

65. Dan Meyer’s 3-Act Process What information do you need to solve this problem?

66. Dan Meyer’s 3-Act Process Act 2 continued Students collaborate with each other to create a mathematical model and solve the problem. Students may need find text or online resources such as formulas.

67. Dan Meyer’s 3-Act Process Go to it!

68. Dan Meyer’s 3-Act Process Act 3 The answer is revealed.

69. Standards for Mathematical Practice Describe ways in which student practitioners of the discipline of mathematics increasingly ought to engage with the subject matter as they grow in mathematical maturity

70. Standards for Mathematical Practice Provide a balanced combination of Procedure and Understanding They shift the focus to ensure mathematical understanding over computation skills

71. Standards for Mathematical Practice Students will be able to: 1.Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 2.Reason abstractly and quantitatively. 3.Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. 4.Model with mathematics. 5.Use appropriate tools strategically. 6.Attend to precision. 7.Look for and make use of structure. 8.Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

72. Think back to the Pyramid of Pennies. At what point during the problem did you do the following? 1.Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 2.Reason abstractly and quantitatively. 3.Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. 4.Model with mathematics. 5.Use appropriate tools strategically. 6.Attend to precision. 7.Look for and make use of structure. 8.Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

73. See Inside Mathematics Videos for good examples of the Practice Standards in action. http://www.insidemathematics.org/index.php/mat hematical-practice-standards

74. Resources for Rich Mathematical Tasks http://illustrativemathematics.org/ The “Go-To” site for looking at the Content Standards and finding rich tasks, called “Illustrations” that can be used to build student understanding of a particular Content Standard.

75. Resources for Rich Mathematical Tasks http://insidemathematics.org/index.php/home is a website with a plethora of resources to help teachers transition to teaching in a way that reflects the Standards for Mathematical Practice. It’s worth taking the 6:19 minutes to watch the Video Overview of the Video Tours to familiarize yourself to all of the resources. There are more video tours that can be accessed by clicking on a link below the overview video.Video Overview of the Video Tours

76. Resources for Rich Mathematical Tasks http://map.mathshell.org/materials/stds.php There are several names that are associated with the website: MARS, MAPS, The Shell Center…however the tasks are usually referred to as The MARS Tasks. The link above will show tasks aligned with the Practice Standards They have been developed through a partnership with UC Berkeley and the University of Nottingham

77. Resources for Rich Mathematical Tasks http://commoncoretools.me/author/wgmccallum/ Tools for the Common Core is the website of Bill McCallum, one of the three principle writers of the CCSSM. Highlights of this site are the links (under Tools) to the Illustrative Mathematics Project, the Progressions Documents, and the Clickable Map of the CCSSM.

78. Resources for Rich Mathematical Tasks My blog WatsonMath has a lot of resources listed in the right hand columnWatsonMath This powerpoint (with the links removed, but the URLs for the links included) can be accessed on watsonmath.com