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Baroque and Rococo 17th and 18th Century.

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1 Baroque and Rococo 17th and 18th Century

2 Baroque The term Baroque once had a negative meaning.
The name is derived from Baroque pearls pearls with unusual, odd shapes Compared to Renaissance art, it was considered to be “over-dramatic” The architecture, “overly decorated”.

3 Baroque Pearl

4 Baroque Style Baroque style is Dramatic
Strong Contrast of Light and Dark Dynamic Composition Architecture is decorative / many details

5 Roman Catholic Church supported Baroque art style in response to the Protestant Reformation (movement to reform Catholic Church) communication of religious themes with viewer's direct and emotional involvement Aristocracy adopted Baroque style to impress visitors and to express triumphant power and control

6 Baroque Style spread throughout Europe
Italy, Holland, France, Spain, and England.

7 Baroque Art – Catholic Countries: Italy, Flanders (Flemish), Spain, France Common Traits that reflect the values of the time: -Gigantic religious works to display their faith’s triumph and to over-whelm and attract new worshippers. -Massive displays of wealth by absolute monarchs to enchant and impress visitors.

8 Baroque Art – Catholic Countries: Italy, Flanders (Flemish), Spain, France What to look for: -Use of light – harsh light from single source to concentrate your eye (chiaroscuro but for focal point…). -Saints and miracles looking like ordinary people and events 8

9 Baroque Art – Catholic Countries: Italy, Flanders (Flemish), Spain, France What to look for: -Use of light – harsh light from single source to concentrate your eye (chiaroscuro but for focal point…). -Saints and miracles looking like ordinary people and events -dynamic explosion of energy – images captured at height of action -VERY voluptuous female nudes -portraits – posed to show refinement but looked “real” -huge clouds in landscapes

10 Two distinct “schools” of Baroque Art:
Catholic Countries: Italy, Flanders (Flemish or Austrian/Spanish Netherlands), Spain, France Protestant Countries: England & Holland (Dutch)

11 Italian Baroque

12 Annibale Carracci, Loves of the Gods, 1597 – 1601, Ceiling Fresco

13 Inspired by Italian Renaissance art (Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian)
Commissioned by Cardinal Farnese to celebrate the wedding of his brother Various Gods and Humans in love“quadro riportato” – looks like framed easel paintings Inspired by Italian Renaissance art (Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian) Annibale Carracci, Loves of the Gods

14

15 Comparison Baroque fresco Renaissance fresco

16 Caravaggio, Conversion of St. Paul, 1601, Oil on Canvas

17 Story of Pharisee Saul converting to Christianity
Appears to be an accident in the horse stable (everyday life) Caravaggio used strong light and dark / shadowy style (greatly influenced European art) Perspective and Chiaroscuro (light and shadow) used to bring the viewer closer to the event

18 Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, 1597 – 1601, Oil on Canvas

19 Christ enters from the right to summon Levi (a Roman tax collector) to a “higher calling”
Bland street scene (“normal, everyday life”) Caravaggio’s style of strong light and shadowLight as a symbol of God

20 Comparison

21 Caravaggio, Crucifixion of St. Peter

22 Caravaggio, Judith Slaying Holofernes

23 Artemisia Gentileschi
Judith Slaying Holofernes

24 Gianlorenzo Bernini, Baldacchino, 1624 – 1633, Gilded Bronze

25 Bronze “canopy” over the tomb of St. Peter
Focal point of church Made from Bronze of doors of the ancient Roman Pantheon (Pantheon was a temple for Pagan religion) Commissioned by the Barberini Family

26 Bernini Expressive Dynamic Energetic David

27 David

28 St. Peter's, Rome exterior – late Renaissance (Completed 1690) designed in part by Michelangelo
Largest interior of any Catholic Church in world – holds up to 60, 000 people

29 Ancient Roman Pantheon, 125 – 28 CE

30

31 Bernini Italian The Ecstasy of St. Theresa

32 Bernini Italian Baldachin of St. Peter’s Cathedral
This supreme example of Baroque art was the first masterpiece that the twenty-six year old genius, Gianlorenzo Bernini made for St. Peter's Basilica. It is impossible not to admire this fantastic, sumptuous bronze canopy supported by four spiral columns, richly decorated with gold, as it majestically rises upward. It is the largest known bronze artwork. He sent most of his life working on St. Peter’s Cathedral

33 Pietro da Corton, The Triumph of Divine Providence

34 Spanish Baroque

35 Diego Valazquez,Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor),1656

36 Informal family portrait
Theme “Mystery of the Visual World” Young Princess in middle “Infantata” Maids in waiting helping her Her favorite dwarfs and her dog Valasquez is working on large canvas (portrait of King Philip IV and Queen Mariana (reflections in mirror) Man framed in doorway

37 Diego Valazquez, Surrender of Breda, 1634 – 1635,

38 Made for King Philip IV Spanish Victory over Dutch in 1625 Spanish troops on right (organized - victory) Dutch troops on left (disorganized – defeat) Spanish General patting the back of Dutch General

39 Francisco de Zurbaran, Saint Serpion, 1628,

40 St. Serpion - monk born in England -
St. Serpion (Martyr) – tied to a tree and tortured (devotion to religion) St. Serpion - monk born in England - “commoner” De Zurbaran inspired by Caravaggio’s light and shadow Figure fills the foreground (close to viewer)

41 Dutch Baroque

42 Baroque Art – Protestant Countries: Holland (Dutch) & England Common Traits that reflect the values of the time: -Still lifes -Landscapes -Portraits -Very little to no religious imagery

43 Independence from Spain
Trade and Banking = Patrons of Art Protestant rejected religious art, traded for portraits, genre scenes, and landscapes

44 Rembrandt van Rijn Self-Portrait in a Cap, Etching, 1630
Created when he was a student Exercise in lighting, expression Rembrandt created at least 70 self-portraits during his lifetime (oil paintings and etchings) Rembrandt van Rijn Self-Portrait in a Cap, Etching, 1630

45 Rembrant Self-Portraits

46 Rembrandt van Rijn, Return of the Prodigal Son, 1665,

47 Stillness / inward contemplation (less dramatic than Italian Baroque paintings)
Humility and humanity of Christ Father and Son relationship (father forgiving Christ) Light mixed with shadow Light focused on father and son

48 Rembrant, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp

49 Frans Hals, The Women of the Regents of the Old Men’s Home at Haarlem, 1664

50 Somber and Serious Very orderly composition Monochromatic Color Palette (black and white and gray) Women look out of painting (2 look at viewer)

51 Vermeer Dutch The Geographer

52

53 French Baroque

54 Hyancinthe Rigaud, Louis XIV, 1701,
Louis XIV expanded the Louve and extended expenses for the building and completion of versailles Hyancinthe Rigaud, Louis XIV, 1701,

55 King Louis XIV Grandiose Absolute Monarchy Wore high heels to make him taller (5’4”)

56 Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Charles Le Brun, Hall of Mirrors (Palace of Versailles), 1680, interior architecture

57 Hall of Mirrors in King Louis XIV’s Palace of Versailles
Mirror – Baroque source of illusion 100’s of rooms in palace Rich decoration / details

58 Rococo

59 Rococo Means pebble, or shell
Refined, fanciful, playful style fashionable in France due to Louis XIV’s pampered lifestyle. Scenes showed the luxuries and leisurely pursuits of aristocrats and the wealthy More decorative and non-functional then Baroque

60 Rococo Style Pastel colors Delicately curving forms Dainty figures,
Light hearted Sensual and erotic

61 Jean Baptiste Simeon, Boy Blowing Soap Bubbles

62 Antoine Watteau, L’Indifferent

63 Anotine Watteau, Return from Cythera

64 Francois Boucher, Cupid a Captive

65 Jean-Onore Fragonard, The Swing

66 William Hogarth, Breakfast Scene, from Marriage a la Mode

67 Jean Honore Fragonard, The Secret Meeting

68 Jean Honore Fragonard ,The Lover Crowned

69 Jean Honore Fragonard , The Bathers

70 Jean Honore Fragonard , Marquise de Pompadour

71 Compare and Contrast each “David”.
Discuss the Artist, Time Period, and Materials used Discuss what style characteristics are evident in each piece and how does it compare to the others? Discuss the theme and situation that the statue portrays. How Does it fit in the time period? David

72 Compare and Contrast Compare the artwork of Baroque and Rococo.
What characteristics of style did they have in common? In contrast? What were the themes of Baroque? Of Rococo? What was going on in society when Baroque was popular? What was going on in society during the Rococo period?

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