1. Chapter 20 - The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 3 Hardships of Early Industrial Life

2. Setting the Scene
The Industrial Revolution brought great riches to most of the entrepreneurs who helped set it in motion. For the millions of workers who crowded into the new factories, however, the industrial age brought poverty and harsh living conditions. Working people could look forward only to lives marked by dangerous working conditions; unsafe, unsanitary, and overcrowded housing; and unrelenting poverty.

3. I. The New Industrial City
The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization, the movement of people to cities

4. I. The New Industrial City
Changes in farming, soaring population, and an increasing demand for workers led to this migration
Population Explotion
Seed Drill

5. I. The New Industrial City
The poor workers struggled to survive in urban slums
Slum Neighborhood in London
London’s Poor

6. II. The Factory System
The heart of the industrial city was the factory, which imposed a harsh new way of life on workers

7. A. Rigid Discipline
Workers faced a rigid schedule - shifts lasted up to 16 hours and they were exposed to constant danger

8. B. Women Workers
Many employers hired women - they were easier to manage could be paid less than men

9. Child "hurriers" working in mines
C. Child Labor
Factories and mines hired boys and girls as young as 5 years old, or used orphans as a source of labor
Child "hurriers" working in mines

10. Cripples in the yard of children's home in London
C. Child Labor
Some were killed or crippled and others were stunted in growth or had twisted limbs
Cripples in the yard of children's home in London

11. C. Child Labor
In the 1830s and 1840s, Parliament began to pass laws to regulate child labor in mines and factories

12. Machine-breakers or 'Luddites', 1812
III. The Working Class
A. Protests - Some skilled workers resisted the loss of their jobs by smashing machines and burning factories – the “Luddites”
The Luddites
Today the word 'Luddite' is used to mock someone who dislikes new technology like computers...
Machine-breakers or 'Luddites', 1812

13. A. Protests
Protests met harsh repression, workers were forbidden to organize and strikes were outlawed
1839 Manchester protests

14. B. Spread of Methodism
John Wesley founded the Methodist Church and tried to rekindle hope among the working poor and work for social reform
In 1729, Wesley went into residence at Oxford. There he joined the Holy Club, a group of students that included his brother Charles Wesley. The club members adhered strictly and methodically to religious practices, and were thus derisively called “Methodists” by their schoolmates.

15. IV. The New Middle Class
Those who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution were the entrepreneurs who set it in motion

16. IV. The New Middle Class
Middle-class families lived in fine homes, dressed and ate well, and gained influence in Parliament

17. The middle class valued hard work and "getting ahead”
IV. The New Middle Class
The middle class valued hard work and "getting ahead”

18. IV. The New Middle Class
They felt little sympathy for the poor, who they thought were responsible for their own misery

19. V. Problems and Benefits
Problems included low pay, dangerous working conditions, unemployment, and dismal living conditions

20. V. Problems and Benefits
Benefits included new laws to improve working conditions and labor unions won the right to bargain with employers