1. The Islamic World 570 A.D. – 1250 A.D.

2. Arabia  Arabian peninsula is mostly a harsh desert, with little water

3. Arabia (cont)  Arabs were nomadic herders  Leader of tribe was the sheik  Later became caravan traders

4. Origin of Islam  Arabs were polytheistic  Believed they descended from Abraham  His son, Ishmael, built a temple in Mecca  The cornerstone of the Kaaba is called the black stone

5. Origins (cont)  Muhammad (570 A.D.-632 A.D.)  Prophet, who received visions from the angel Jibreel (Gabriel)  Taught that there was one God, Allah  Destroyed the idols in the Kaaba and rededicated to Allah

6. Islamic Faith  There is one God, Allah  Qur’an is the holy book of Islam  Muslims worship in Mosques

7. It says to accept them. as equal to the prophets a belief in one God

8. Islamic Faith (cont)

9. Spread of Islam  Easy to learn and practice  No priesthood  Teaches equality  Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes

10. Spread of Islam (cont)  Jihad means to strive or struggle  Military extension of Islam  Only warfare permitted  Some Muslims believe this is the “sixth pillar”

11. Spread of Islam (cont)  Within 100 years of Muhammad’s death, Islam spread throughout the Middle East and Africa  The Moors controlled Spain  The Turks later controlled much of Asia Minor and part of India

13. the Umayyad dynasty 500 years A.D. 680

14. The Divide  When the third caliph’s successor was murdered a split occurred  Sunnis believe agreement among Muslims should settle religious matters  Sh’iah believe that imams should decide religious matters

15. Culture  Marriage  Women could refuse an arranged marriage  Women could keep property after a divorce  Qu’ran limits a man to four wives

16. Culture (cont)  Slavery  Qu’ran encourages Muslims to free their slaves  Slaves are to be treated humanely  Free Muslims could not be enslaved  Children of a female slave and her master were free

17. Culture (cont)  Medicine  Studied anatomy  Established first pharmacy school and encyclopedia  Spread knowledge to Europe Avecinna, father of modern medicine Anatomy of the eye

18. Culture (cont)  Geography  Cartography  Developed extremely accurate maps  Astronomy  Used astrolabe to navigate the stars

19. Culture (cont)  Architecture was designed to show the glory of Islam  Mosques have a minaret on top  A crier calls the people to worship five times a day

20. Culture (cont)  The Arts (cont)  Great patrons of poetry and literature  The Thousand and One Nights  Ali Baba, Aladdin, Sinbad

21. the astrolabe algebra architecture

23. Muslims in the World Today

24. Muslims in America