1. Chapter 25

2. Fourteen Points Was the president’s peace plan to end World War I. His plan was designed to limit the likely hood of another war.

3. League of Nations Was an organizations of nations created to settle disputes between nations. It was designed to stop another war and protect weaker nations.

4. Big Four Were the leaders of England, France, Italy and the United States they negotiated a harsh peace treaty that ended World War I. These leaders exacted a punishment on Germany for the war.

5. War guilt clause was the requirement in the Treaty of Versailles that Germany take the guilt for causing WWI. It embarrassed Germany and would be the source of great resentment leading to the next war.

6. Treaty of Versailles ended World War I and placed harsh conditions on Germany with the loss of land, military and the payment of money. It would be the underlying cause of the next world war.

7. Reservationists were members of the Senate who opposed the Treaty of Versailles. They felt Germany had been treated too harshly and were unwilling to support the treaty without changes.

8. Irreconcilables were senators who opposed the Treaty of Versailles because they did not want the United States involved in European affairs and problems.

9. Internationalists were senators who supported the Treaty of Versailles and supported the United States’ involvement in world affairs.

10. 1. The Fourteen Points had three key goals: 1) to eliminate the causes of war by ending the web of alliances, ensuring freedom of the seas, and reducing armaments; 2) to guarantee the right to self-determination for ethnic groups; and 3) to set a League of nations to maintain world peace.

11. 2. The treaty weakened Germany militarily, stripped it of territory and resources, forced it to accept guilt for starting the war, and required it to pay reparations to the allies. Possible Headline: Treaty of Versailles Punishes Germany.

12. 3 Wilson failed to achieve much of what he had called for in the Fourteen Points, as the other leaders were more concerned with protecting the interests of their own countries. He was not able to restrain their efforts to punish Germany, and he couldn’t accomplish his goals for self-determination. Yet the allies did accept his most important goal: The establisment of the league of nations.

13. 4 Without collective security – a commitment by members to work together to deal with a belligerent nation—the League would have no real power to maintain peace. Senators feared that this commitment could draw the nation into war without congressional approval.

14. 5 Lodge, e republican had personal and political reasons for opposing the treaty. As head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he exhibited bitter partisanship by delaying action on the treaty and allowing opponents ample time to voice their opposition. Lodge and other reservationists also added amendments that made the treaty unacceptable to Wilson.

15. 6 Wilson should/not have accepted compromise because of principle and he believed he had support or that compromise is always necessary in running government.