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Abdominal Cavity
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Landmarks Peritoneum: double layered serous membrane
visceral = outer serous layer of abdominal organs parietal = lines outer wall of cavity, both layers also fold to form mesenteries, ligaments peritoneal cavity: space between layers, sealed in males; female - perforated by uterine tubes intraperitoneal actually does not mean within cavity - still surrounded by visceral layer
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Greater Omentum large peritoneal fold (apron) - usually has lots of fat, free inferior edge - suspended from greater curvature of stomach & transverse colon, 4 layers
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lesser omentum From inferior surface of liver to lesser curvature of stomach & upper duodenal intestine - holds hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct in its right margin omental bursa = lesser peritoneal sac (vs greater sac holding all the viscera) - epiploic (omental) foramen - only connection with greater peritoneal sac - between inferior vana cava & right edge of lesser omentum (where it holds hepatic artery, portal vein, and common bile duct)
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Mesentery Mesentery: fold suspending intestines (jejunum, ileum), attaches to posterior wall Transverse mesocolon: ligament connecting transverse colon to posterior wall
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Ligaments Other, smaller ligaments: all peritoneal folds
gastrophrenic - diaphragm to stomach gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) - to spleen gastrocolic - to transverse colon splenorenal (lienorenal) - to wall just in front of kidney phrenicocolic ligament - connects its upper edge to lower left diaphragm
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Liver Fills right hypochondriac region, extends into epigastric & left hypochondriac lobes, fossae Left - gastric impression Right - fossa for inferior vana cava - find openings from hepatic veins bare area - directly contacts diaphragm (between layers of coronary ligament) renal; duodenal; colic impressions caudate - between inferior vana cava fossa & lesser omentum quadrate - actually a portion of left lobe
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Gall bladder gall bladder (body, neck) - posterior, inferior surface of right lobe of liver cystic duct exits, joins common (=R+L) hepatic duct to form common bile duct spiral valve - inside neck & into cystic duct
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Other structures Porta hepatis: hilum of liver - entry of hepatic artery, portal vein; exit of hepatic ducts Falciform ligament - fold connecting visceral peritoneum of liver with parietal peritoneum of anterior abdominal wall Ligamentum teres hepatis / round ligament of the liver remnant of fetal umbilical vein found in free (inferior) margin of falciform ligament - from liver inferior to umbilicus coronary ligament: fold connecting visceral peritoneum of liver with underside of diaphragm - R triangular ligament - its right upper margin forms a sharp angle - L triangular ligament - corner on upper surface of left lobe
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Blood vessels hepatic a: (a branch of the celiac artery)
R, L branches to R, L lobes cystic artery (branch of R hepatic) - follows cystic duct portal vein: (trio with hapatic artery, common bile duct) - drains portal system into liver; divides into right and left branches Hepatic veins: several true veins - drain liver into inferior vana cava (not included with trio in canal)
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