1. Over the Counter Contraceptive Methods
Male & Female Condoms, The Sponge, and Spermicide

2. What is a Male Condom? OTC, barrier methods, reversible
Made of thin latex or plastic worn on the penis during intercourse to collect semen
Available dry or lubricated

3. How well do they work? Perfect use: 98% Typical use: 85%
Good protection against HIV and reduces risk of other STDs such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, HPV, and herpes

4. Male condoms continued…
Advantages: allows men to share responsibility, no side effects, easy to get, can be used with other methods, can help relieve premature ejaculation, STD protection
Disadvantages: They can break, feeling may be reduced, interrupts lovemaking
Cost: $0.50 or less, sometimes FREE

6. The Female Condom Plastic pouch w/ flexible rings at each end
Inserted into the vagina like a diaphragm
Ring at the open end stays outside

7. The female condom continued…
Effectiveness: 79% - 95%
Advantages: no fittings, can be used by people allergic to latex
Disadvantages: Irritation, slip into vagina, noisy
Cost: $2.50

9. The Sponge
Reserve for 1,000 mg of nonoxynol-9, that is released into the vagina over 24 hour
Polyurethane foam traps and absorbs semen
Acts as a physical barrier between sperm and the cervix

10. The sponge continued…
Thoroughly wet sponge w/water before insertion, leave in place for six hours after sex
Effectiveness: 84% to 91%
Adv: 24 hour protection, no hormones, not messy, easy to purchase/use
Disadv: irritation, no STD protection
Cost: pkg of 3 or 12 ($9 - $35)

12. Spermicide Foams, creams, jellies, film , suppositories
Inserted into vagina 10 minutes before intercourse (lasts approximately 1 hour)
Block entrance to uterus and immobilizes sperm

13. Spermicide continued…
Effectiveness: 71% - 85%
Adv: Easy to obtain, no prescriptions or fittings
Disadv: Messy, no STD protection, Irritation
Cost: $8 - $16

14. APPLICATION

15. Other Rx, Behavioral, and Surgical Contraceptive Methods
Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, Abstinence, Withdrawal, Outercourse, Tubal Ligation, and Vasectomy

16. The Diaphragm & Cervical Cap
Reversible, prescription, barrier methods of birth control
Soft latex or silicone barriers that fit over the cervix
Used with a spermicide cream or jelly

17. Diaphragm Shallow dome shaped cup with a flexible rim
Fits securely in the vagina to cover the cervix

19. Cervical Cap Thimble shaped and smaller than the diaphragm
Fits securely onto the cervix

21. How do they work?
Put 1 TBS of spermicide, then insert into the vagina to cover the cervix before intercourse
Blocks entrance to the uterus while spermicide immobilizes sperm, preventing it from joining an egg
Diaphragm: left in place for up to 24 hours
Cervical Cap: left in place for up to 48 hours

22. Diaphragm and CC continued…
Effectiveness: Diaph = 94% & CC = 91%
Advantages: No effect on natural hormones, easily transported, does not interrupt sex play, and cannot be felt by either partner
Disadvantages: Require a fitting/refitting, insertion may be difficult, no STD protection
Cost: Exam = $50 - $200, Supplies = $15 -$50, and Spermicide = $8 - $17 per kit

23. Continuous Abstinence
Not having intercourse with a partner
Effectiveness: 100%
Advantages: no medical or hormonal side effects
Disadvantages: people may find it difficult to abstain for long periods of time and its often ended without being prepared
Cost: FREE!

24. Withdrawal
A man pulls his penis out of the vagina before he ejaculates
Effectiveness: 73% - 96%
Advantages: can be used when no other method is available
Disadvantages: requires great self control, not for sexually inexperienced, men who ejaculate prematurely, or teens
Cost: Free

25. Outercourse
Sex play without intercourse (kissing, masturbation, massage, body-to-body rubbing, fantasy, and oral sex play)
Effectiveness: nearly 100% for pregnancy, but STDs are still quite possible
Advantages: no medical or hormonal side effects, increase intimacy between partners can be used when no other BC method is available
Disadvantages: outercourse may lead to unintended intercourse
Cost: Free

26. Hormonal Contraceptives

27. Implants Norplant (most effective method of BC)
Six plastic implants inserted under skin of upper arm
Effectiveness: Over 99% for up to 7 years
Advantages: Continuous long-lasting
Disadvantages: Irregular bleeding, acne, skin rash, change in appetite, weight gain, depression, no protection against STD’s
Cost: $500-$750 and $100-$200 for removal
No longer available, but new and improved Norplant Approved by the US in mid-2006 , NO LONGER AVAILABLE!! Dangerous Side effects….

29. The Shot Depo-Provera & Lunelle
Injected into the buttock or arm every 12 weeks
Effectiveness: Over 99% for 12 weeks
Advantages: Effective for 12 weeks, no medicine to take every day, helps prevent cancer of the lining of the uterus
Disadvantages: Irregular or total loss of bleeding, change of appetite, weight gain, depression, loss of BMD
Cost: $50 for injection + office visit ($35-$125)
NEW: Depo-subQ Provera 104 (less invasive)

31. The Pill Taken daily in a monthly series
Effectiveness: Over 99% w/ perfect use for 1 month
Advantages: Regular and shorter periods, reduced menstrual flow and cramping, less acne, fewer symptoms of PMS, many pills to choose from
Disadvantages: Must take pill every day (same time), no protection from STD’s, weight gain, irregular bleeding, nausea, changes in mood
Cost: $20-$35 a month (per pack)
Seasonale: 84 day regimen with 7 days off
Lybrel: 365 day regimen; possibly available in 2006
Long term effects are unknown

33. THE PILL CASE

34. The Ring
Nuva Ring
Small, flexible ring inserted into the vagina for 3 weeks and taken out for the 4th week
Effectiveness: Over 99% with perfect use for 1 month
Advantages: does not involve taking a daily pill, does not require a “fitting,” does not require the use of spermicide
Disadvantages: increased vaginal discharge, vaginal irritation or infection, irregular bleeding, weight gain, no protection against STD’s
Cost: $20-$35 a month (similar to The Pill)

36. The Patch
Ortho Evra
Thin, plastic patch that is applied to the buttocks, stomach, upper outer arm, or upper torso once a week for 3 weeks, then 1 week off
Effectiveness: Over 99% w/perfect use for 1 mo
Advantages: Does not involve a daily pill, regular and shorter periods, less acne, less cramping
Disadvantages: Skin reactions, problems with contact lens use- a change in vision or ability to wear contact lenses, irregular bleeding, STD’s
Cost: Similar to other monthly methods ($20-$35 a month)

38. The IUD Para Gard & Mirena
Para Gard contains copper and Mirena contains natural hormones
Prevent fertilization of an egg by affecting the way the sperm or eggs move
Effectiveness: Over 99% for 10 years with Para Gard and 5 years with Mirena
Advantages: Long term protection that does not involve a daily pill
Disadvantages: Cramping may be greater, periods may be heavier and last longer, no STD protection
Cost: $175-$400 for exam, insertion, and follow-up