1. Mediastinum

2. Introduction

4. Boundaries Ant– sternum Post—vertebral column Sup—Thoracic inlet
Inf—Diaphragm
On each side—Mediastinal pleura.

5. Types Superior mediastinum Inferior mediastinum 1) Anterior 2) Middle
3) Posterior

6. Superior mediastinum Boundaries Ant– Manubrium sterni
Post—Upper 4 thoracic vertebrae
Sup– Plane of thoracic inlet
Inf—An imaginary plane passing through the sternal angle in front, & the lower border of the body of the 4th thoracic vertebra.
On each side– Mediatinal pleura

7. Contents Trachea & oesophagus Muscles
origins of sternohyoid, sternothyroid, lower ends of longus colli.
3) Arteries
Arch of aorta, Brachiocephalic , lt common carotid, lt subclavian.
4) Veins
upper half of the svc, lt superior intercostal vein
5) Nerves—vagus, phrenic, cardiac, lt recurrent laryngeal
6) Thymus
7) Thoracic duct
8) lymphnode– paratracheal, Brachiocephalic, Tracheobronchial

9. Anterior Mediastinum
Boundaries
Ant—Body of sternum Post—pericardium Sup—Imaginary plane separating the sup mediastinum from the inf. Mediastinum Inf– Sup. Surface of diaphragm On each side– Mediastinal pleura

10. Contents Sternopericardial ligament
Internal thoracic artery(Small mediastinal branches)
Thymus(Lowest part)
Areolar tissue
Lymph nodes & lymphatics

11. Middle Mediastinum Boundaries Ant– pericardium
Post—oesophagus, descending thoracic aorta, azygos vein
On each side– Mediastinal pleura
Contents
Heart
Veins –svc, azygous,pulmo
Nerves-phrenic,deep cardiac
Tracheobronchial lymph nodes.

12. Posterior Mediastinum
Boundaries
Ant—pericardium, trachea,pulmonary vessels, diaphragm. Post—8 th thoracic vertebrae & intervening discs. On each side—Mediastinal pleura

13. Contents Oesophagus Arteries—descending thoracic aorta & its branches
Veins—azygous , hemiazygous, accessory hemiazygous vein
Nerves—vagus, splanchnic, greater, lesser & least splanchinc nerves arising from the lower 8th thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic chain
Lymph nodes– post mediastinal lying alongside the aorta & thoracic duct

14. Clinical Anatomy Mediastinitis Mediastinal syndrome Symptoms
Engorgement of veins in the upper half of the body
Dyspnoea, cough
Dysphagia
Hoarseness of voice
Intercostal neuralgia
Erosion of the vertebral bodies
Paralysis of the diaphragm