1. 1 Matakuliah: U0173 / FOTOGRAFI 1 PHOTOGRAPHY 1 Introduction to Manual Camera

2. 2 The 3 most important aspects photography 1. The Camera – The Equipment 2. The Film – Understanding ASA 3. The Light – Lighting Situations

3. 3 Types of Camera : 1. The Range Finder 2. Twin Lens Reflex / TLR 3. Single Lens Reflex / SLR 4. View Camera Camera

4. 4 1. Range Finder Camera viewfinder lens

5. 5

6. 6 2. Twin Lens Reflex

7. 7 3. Single Lens Reflex Camera

8. 8 Mirror on SLR

9. 9 4. View Camera

10. 10 Format x2 Camera 1. Small Format 2. Medium Format 3. Large Format

11. 11 Small Format Camera 135 mm Example:

12. 12 Medium Format Camera 6x4.5 cm

13. 13 Medium Format Camera 6x6 cm

14. 14 Medium Format Camera 6x7 cm

15. 15 Large Format Camera

16. 16 Components of The Camera 1. The Aperture - lens 2. The Shutter Speed – camera body 3. The Light Meter (TTL) - camera body (Reflective LM)

17. 17 The Aperture Diaphragm Aperture : is referred to the lens diaphragm opening inside a lens. The size of the diaphragm opening in a camera lens regulates the amount of light passes through onto the film inside the camera and hence the brightness of the image. Aperture size is usually calibrated in f-numbers Diaphragm : System of adjustable metal blades forming a roughly circular opening of variable diameter, used to control the aperture of a lens. 1. The Aperture

18. 18 1 f-stop number represents one time the amount of light either more or less in quantity. Meaning to say, f16 will let in 1x the amount of light than a diaphragm opening of f22 f4.0 will let in 1x lesser than that of f2.8 etc f - Numbers f 1, f 1.4, f 2, f 2.8, f 4, f 5.6, f 8 f 11, f 16, f 22, f 32, f 45, f 64, f 90 - Can you see a repetitive pattern among the numbers ? - These Aperture numbers represents 1 f-stop difference between each number 1. The Aperture

19. 19 1. The Aperture

20. 20 smaller f-number, larger the aperture F 22 F 2,8

21. 21 SHUTTER & SHUTTER SPEEDS  Types Of Shutters  Shutter Speed Numbers 2. The Shutter Speed

22. 22 Shutter speed regulates the time duration at which the shutter curtain open up and close during an exposure process Shutter Speed : 2. The Shutter Speed

23. 23 - Focal Plane Shutters : it used almost universally in SLR camera. Types Of Shutters : - Leaf Shutters : is built into the lens. 2. The Shutter Speed

24. 24 Focal plane shutters

25. 25 Leaf Shutters

26. 26 Shutter Speed Numbers 1, ½, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, 1/2000, 1/4000, 1/8000, These numbers represents how fast / slow the shutter is opened. (The number representations are in seconds) 2. The Shutter Speed

27. 27 Shutter speed button 2. The Shutter Speed

28. 28 Light Meters : an instrument to measure light intensity that’s falls on the film, so we can get a correct exposure. 3. The Light Meter Types of Light meters :  Reflective light meters : pointed toward the subject and measures the brightness of the light reflected from the subject.  Incident light meters : the meters measures light falling on the subject and has to be pointed toward the camera. The most accurate way of finding the correct exposure Light meters : - built in the camera => reflective LM - handheld

29. 29 Reflective Spot Light Meter Incident Light Meter Combination Incident Reflective Light Meter Handheld Light Meters, examples :

30. 30 Exposure : defined as the process of how much light is contained in a frame of film by combining aperture and shutter speed Bigger the aperture, faster the shutter speed to obtain a correct/normal exposure

31. 31  Correct/normal exposed  Under Exposed  Over Exposed Normal exposure Under exposure 1 stop Under exposure 2 stop Over exposure 1stop Over exposure 2 stop

32. 32 Exposure in Camera Mode  Manual  Aperture priority  Shutter priority  Auto

33. 33 Aperture Priority Aperture priority means you select the aperture to determine the depth of field yourself and the camera will set to the appropriate shutter speeds to match your aperture selected for a optimum exposure.

34. 34 Shutter Priority shutter priority will let you select the preferred shutter speed setting and the camera will select the matching aperture values to match your choice.