1. Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Over) Simplified Phylogeny of Mammalia

2. Memorize this.

3. Just kidding.

4. Monotremata Marsupalia Edentata Rodentia Lagomorpha Primates Chiroptera Carnivora Artiodactylia Cetcacea Perissodactylia Proboscidea

5. Monotremata Marsupalia Edentata Rodentia Lagomorpha Primates Chiroptera Carnivora Artiodactylia Cetcacea Perissodactylia Proboscidea Mammalia: Mammary glands Hair Dentary-squamosal jaw-joint Dentary – single bone of lower jaw Three middle ear ossicles Muscles of facial expression Muscular diaphragm

6. MONOTREMATA: Most basal of living mammals. Retain primitive anmiote feature of laying eggs. Includes only a few relict living forms including duckbilled platypus and spiny anteater.

7. Monotremata Marsupalia Edentata Rodentia Lagomorpha Primates Chiroptera Carnivora Artiodactylia Cetcacea Perissodactylia Proboscidea Theria: Mammals with internal development Placenta

8. METATHERIA (Marsupalia): The pouch mammals Choriovittiline (chorion + yolk sac) placenta Living forms have epipubic bones (the primitive placentals probably did as well.) Restricted primarily to Australi currently, though one form remains in North America (Didelphis; the Virginia oppossum).

11. Kangaroos can be almost orthograde

12. Monotremata Marsupalia Edentata Rodentia Lagomorpha Primates Chiroptera Carnivora Artiodactylia Cetcacea Perissodactylia Proboscidea Eutheira: “True placental mammals” With extended internal development Chorioallantoicplacenta

13. Mammalian Highlights / Features of Note: Primates are a very early offshoot within Mammalia. The relationships of basal mammals are not terribly clear – as noted by the polychotomy between edentates, glires (rodents + lagomorphs), primates, and bats. Cetaceans are actually most closely related to artiodactyls (pigs actually)! Elephants and their kin are amongst the most derived of mammals Many, many taxa are left out here.