1. CONTRACEPTION
Senior Health

3. Forms of Contraception
Behavioral
Barrier
Hormonal
Surgical
Forms of Contraception

4. Abstinence
Withdrawal
Fertility Awareness
Behavioral Methods

5. Barrier Methods Male Condom Female Condom Spermicidal Foam/Jelly
Sponge
Diaphragm & Cervical Cap
Barrier Methods

6. Hormonal Methods Birth Control Pill The Patch Vaginal Ring The Shot
Emergency Contraception
IUD
Implant
Hormonal Methods

7. Tubal Sterilization
Vasectomy
Surgical Methods

9. ABSTINENCE Form of Contraception: Effectiveness: What is it?
Behavioral
Effectiveness:
100%
What is it?
Choosing not to engage in sexual intercourse or sex “play”
Advantages:
Only 100% preventative measure against PREGNANCY and STDs
Cost- free
ABSTINENCE

10. WITHDRAWAL Form of Contraception: Effectiveness: What is it?
Behavioral
Effectiveness:
81%
What is it?
Withdrawing the penis before ejaculation occurs
Disadvantages:
Pre-ejaculate material contains sperm
No protection against STDs
Cost- free
WITHDRAWAL

13. Fertility Awareness – “Calendar Method”
Form:
Behavioral
Effectiveness:
75%
What is it?
Selecting specific days to have sexual intercourse based on the woman’s menstrual cycle/day of ovulation.
Disadvantages:
Menstrual cycles may vary
Not a spontaneous form of contraception
Cost per calendar kit- $12
Fertility Awareness – “Calendar Method”

15. MALE CONDOM Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Advantages:
Barrier, OTC (Over The Counter)
Effectiveness:
85-98%
What is it?
Rubber/latex sheath placed over the penis to collect pre-ejaculate material and semen upon ejaculation.
Advantages:
Provides protection against STDs
Disadvantages:
Incorrect use
Latex allergies
Cost- 1.25
MALE CONDOM

16. How do you put one of these things on?

18. FEMALE CONDOM Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Advantages:
Barrier
Effectiveness:
79%
What is it?
Fits deep into the vagina, ring holds it in place, blocks sperm from entering the vagina.
Advantages:
Provide protection against STDs
Disadvantages:
Difficult to use
Hard to keep in place
Known to be noisy
Cost- $4 each
FEMALE CONDOM

19. How do you put one of these things in?

20. Spermicide (Foam/Jelly)
Form:
Barrier
Effectiveness:
74%
What is it?
Injected into the vagina before sexual intercourse to immobilize sperm and block them from entering the uterus.
Disadvantages:
No protection against STDs
Messy
Have to use each intercourse act
Should be used with other forms of contraception (condom, diaphragm)
Cost- per tube $8
Spermicide (Foam/Jelly)

21. How do you use this stuff?

23. SPONGE Form: Effectiveness What is it? Disadvantage: Barrier 80%
Placed deep into the vagina to block the cervical opening; also contains spermicide.
Disadvantage:
hard to insert
No protection against STD’s….
Cost- $15 per 3 pack
SPONGE

24. Diaphragm

26. Cervical Cap

27. DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP
Form:
Barrier (Prescription)
Effective
80%
What is it?
Dome-shaped cup with flexible rim; placed deep into vagina to cover cervix
Fitted by a doctor
Advantages:
Can be implanted for up to 24 hours/48 hours
Disadvantages
Difficult to insert
Moves around during sexual intercourse
No protection against STD’s….
Cost-$ 15-75
DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP

29. FEM CAP

32. BIRTH CONTROL PILL Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Advantages:
Hormonal
Effectiveness:
95-99%
What is it?
Prevents ovulation
Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus
Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur.
Advantages:
Period regularity
Decreased cramps
Disadvantages:
No protection against STDs
Must take at the same time every day.
Possible weight gain.
Cost- $15-50 per month
BIRTH CONTROL PILL

34. THE PATCH Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Advantages: Disadvantages:
Hormonal
Effectiveness:
92-99%
What is it?
Each patch in place for one week; one week without patch – menstruation.
Release hormones through the skin.
Prevents ovulation
Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus
Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur.
Advantages:
Visual reminder that you are using birth control
No need for daily maintenance, good for a week
Disadvantages:
No protection from STDs
Similar to THE PILL
THE PATCH

36. VAGINAL RING/NUVA-RING
Form:
Hormonal
Effectiveness:
92%-99%
What is it?
Small, flexible ring that releases hormones
In vagina for 3 weeks; removed for 1 week – menstruation
Prevents ovulation
Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus
Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur.
Advantages:
Menstrual Regularity
Disadvantages:
No protection against STDs
Irregular bleeding
VAGINAL RING/NUVA-RING

38. THE SHOT/DEPO-PROVERA
Form:
Hormonal
Effective:
99%
What is it?
Shot will last for 3 months
Prevents ovulation
Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus
Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur.
Advantages:
No maintenance
Decreased cramping
Disadvantages:
Does not protect against STDs
Takes weeks for the shot to “wear off”
Cost- $35-75 per injection
THE SHOT/DEPO-PROVERA

40. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION – “THE MORNING AFTER PILL”/PLAN B
Form:
Hormonal
Effectiveness:
80-86%
What is it?
Must be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse
Large dose of progestin and estrogen
Over the counter for 17 years old +
Prevent ovulation if it has not already occurred
Thicken mucous in cervix and thins the wall of the uterus to prevent implantation if an egg has already been fertilized.
Disadvantages:
Does not protect against STDs
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION – “THE MORNING AFTER PILL”/PLAN B

43. INTRA-UNTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
Form:
Barrier/Device/Hormonal
Effectiveness:
98%-99%
What is it?
Affects the mobility of the sperm
Thickens cervical mucous; thins the lining of the uterus.
Can be in place for 3-7 years.
Disadvantages:
cramping, bleeding between menstrual cycles, No protection against STD’s.
Cost- $500-$1000
INTRA-UNTERINE DEVICE (IUD)

44. BIRTH CONTROL IMPLANT Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Disadvantages:
Hormonal
Effectiveness:
99%
What is it?
Hormonal regulation stick implanted into the upper arm that helps to prevent pregnancy
Disadvantages:
No protection against STDs
- spotting
Advantages:
Lasts for 3 years/5 years
After removal pregnancy can be quick
BIRTH CONTROL IMPLANT

45. FEMALE STERILIZATION – Tubal Ligation
Form:
Surgical Procedure
Effectiveness:
99.5%
What is it?
Tying off of the fallopian tubes so the sperm can not reach the egg
Disadvantages:
Does not prevent STDs
PERMANENT!!*
Advantages:
PERMANENT!
Does not decrease sexual desire
Cost
FEMALE STERILIZATION – Tubal Ligation

47. VASECTOMY Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Disadvantage: Advantages:
Surgical Procedure (“lunch time” surgery)
Effectiveness:
99%
What is it?
Blocks the vas deferens to keep the sperm out of the semen
Disadvantage:
PERMANENT*
Advantages:
Permanent
Does not decrease sexual desire
Cost- $
VASECTOMY