1. PPL IVE : A M EASUREMENT S TUDY OF P2P IPTV S YSTEM Sergio Chacon

2. A BSTRACT IPTV stands for Internet Protocol Television P2P IPTV refers to the delivery of TV over IP using point-to-point techniques PPLive is one of the most popular IPTV systems for campus and residential access Hei, et al., Polytechnic University in Brooklyn, developed a PPLive crawler to carry out in-depth measurements of mesh-pull PPLive

3. I NTRODUCTION Widespread adoption of broadband (residencial) Application-level, P2P, mesh-pull P2P Mesh-Pull most successful so far Rapid deployment @ low cost Minimal infrastructure BitTorrent Not feasible for real time No fair resource sharing Not for large-scale live streaming

4. A NSWER TO QUESTIONS What are the user characteristics? How much overhead and redundant traffic? What are characteristics of peer partnerships? What are fundamental requirements for successful mesh pull?

5. M ESH -P ULL P2P S TREAMING S YSTEMS Streaming peer node Includes streaming client and server Channel stream server Converts media to small video chunks Tracker server Provides streaming channel, peer and chunk information for each peer node Downloads video chunks from multiple peers requesting same media content

6. C HANNEL AND PEER DISCOVERY

7. P EE ’ S BUFFER MAP OF VIDEO CHUNKS

8. M ESH - PULL P 2 P ARCHITECTURE

9. S TREAMING PROCESS MESH - PULL SYSTEMS

10. G LOBAL VIEW OF USER BEHAVIOR Peer tracking methodology Evolution of participating users User arrivals and departures User geographic distribution

11. P EER TRACKING Peer registration Bootstrap Peer query

12. P EER REGISTRATION Peer registration Bootstrap Peer query

13. N UMBER OF DISCOVERED PEERS

14. E VOLUTION OF PARTICIPATING USERS

15. H OW NUMBER OF USERS EVOLVE

16. U SER ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES

17. P EER ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE EVOLUTION

18. U SER GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

19. P EER PLAYBACK DELAY AND LAGS Start-up delay Video buffering Playback lags among peers

20. S TART - UP DELAY Time interval between channel selection and playback P2P also have to deal with startup buffering and delay 5-10 seconds from selection to player startup 5-10 seconds from player startup to play

21. V IDEO BUFFERING

22. P LAYBACK LAGS AMONG PEERS

23. C ONNECTION + TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS Isolating video traffic Video traffic redundancy Download and upload video traffic Video TCP connections

24. I SOLATING VIDEO TRAFFIC

25. V IDEO TRAFFIC REDUNDANCY

26. D OWNLOAD AND UPLOAD VIDEO

27. P ROPERTIES OF VIDEO TCP CONNECTIONS Duration of TCP connections Number of partners Dynamic of partners Locality of partners Traffic volume breakdowns Uni-directional or bi-directional traffic?

28. V IDEO TCP CONNECTIONS

29. N UMBER OF PARTNERS

30. D YNAMIC OF PARTNERS

31. T RAFFIC VOLUME BREAKDOWNS

32. L OCALITY OF PARTNERS

33. U NI - DIRECTIONAL OR BI - DIRECTIONAL ?

34. U NI - DIRECTIONAL OR BI - DIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC ? Traffic flows are neither tree-like nor uni- directional (mesh) Closer in character to BitTorrent Lesson learned: mesh-pull architectures are more correctly viewed as variations on BitTorrent rather than variations on tree-pull architectures such as end-system multicast

35. CONCLUSIONS Current Internet is capable of providing IPTV @ low cost with minimal dedicated infrastructure Measurements provide understanding of how to architect large-scale P2P IPTV Areas of improvement: Shorter start-up delay Higher-rate streaming Smaller peer lags Better NAT traversal