3. G. T AUSHEK, AN A USTRIAN INNOVATOR, INVENTED THE MAGNETIC DRUM IN 1932. H E BASED HIS INVENTION ON A DISCOVERY CREDITED TO F RITZ P FLEUMER.

4. A MAGNETIC CORE MEMORY, ALSO KNOWN AS A FERRITE - CORE MEMORY, USES SMALL MAGNETIC RINGS MADE OF CERAMIC TO STORE INFORMATION FROM THE POLARITY TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD.

5. A HARD DISK IMPLEMENTS ROTATING PLATTERS, WHICH STORES AND RETRIEVES BITS OF DIGITAL INFORMATION FROM A FLAT MAGNETIC SURFACE.

6. I N 1966, R OBERT H. D ENNARD INVENTED DRAM (D YNAMIC R ANDOM A CCESS M EMORY ) CELLS. M EMORY CELL IS CONTAINED IN ONE TRANSISTOR. DRAM CELLS STORE BITS OF INFORMATION AS AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE IN A CIRCUIT AND INCREASE OVERALL MEMORY DENSITY.

7. B ELL L ABS DEVELOPED T WISTOR MEMORY BY WRAPPING MAGNETIC TAPE AROUND A WIRE THAT CONDUCTS ELECTRICAL CURRENT. B ELL L ABS USED T WISTOR TAPE BETWEEN 1968 TO THE MID -1970 S BEFORE IT WAS TOTALLY REPLACED BY RAM CHIPS.

8. IBM STARTED ITS DEVELOPMENT OF AN INEXPENSIVE SYSTEM SET ON LOADING MICROCODE INTO THE S YSTEM /370 MAINFRAMES. A S A RESULT, THE 8- INCH FLOPPY APPEARED. A FLOPPY DISK IS A PORTABLE STORAGE DEVICE MADE OF MAGNETIC FILM APPLIED ONTO PLASTIC.

9. A LLAN S HUGART DEVELOPED A THE 5.25- INCH FLOPPY DISK IN 1976 BECAUSE THE 8- INCH FLOPPY WAS TOO LARGE FOR STANDARD DESKTOP COMPUTERS. T HE 5.25- INCH FLOPPY DISK HAD A STORAGE CAPACITY OF 110 -360 KILOBYTES AND WERE CHEAPER AND FASTER.

10. D URING THE 1960 S, J AMES T. R USSEL THOUGHT OF USING LIGHT TO RECORD AND REPLAY MUSIC. HE INVENTED THE OPTICAL DIGITAL TELEVISION RECORDING AND PLAYBACK TELEVISION IN 1970. I N 1975, P HILIPS REPRESENTATIVES VISITED R USSEL AT HIS LAB AND PAID R USSEL MILLIONS FOR HIM TO DEVELOP THE COMPACT DISC (CD). I N 1980, R USSEL COMPLETED THE PROJECT.

11. T HE 3.5- INCH FLOPPY DISK HAD SIGNIFICANT ADVANTAGES OVER ITS PREVIOUS VERSIONS. I T HAD A METAL COVER THAT MADE IT HARDER TO DAMAGE THE MAGNETIC FILM INSIDE. T HE 3.5- INCH FLOPPY DISK HAD A STORAGE CAPACITY OF 1.44 MEGABYTES.

12. T HE CD-ROM, ALSO KNOWN AS THE C OMPACT D ISK R EAD -O NLY M EMORY, USED THE SAME PHYSICAL FORMAT AS THE AUDIO COMPACT DISKS TO STORE DIGITAL DATA. T HE CD-ROM ENCODES SMALL PITS OF DIGITAL DATA INTO THE LOWER SURFACE OF THE PLASTIC DISC.

13. C OMPACT F LASH (CF), ALSO KNOWN AS “ FLASH DRIVES ”, USED FLASH MEMORY IN A DISC TO SAVE DIGITAL DATA. CF DEVICES ARE USED IN DIGITAL CAMERAS AND COMPUTERS TO STORE DIGITAL INFORMATION.

14. DVD BECAME THE NEXT GENERATION OF DIGITAL DISC STORAGE. DVD, A BIGGER AND FASTER ALTERNATIVE TO THE COMPACT DISC, SERVES TO STORE MULTIMEDIA DATA. I TS CAPACITY WAS 4.7GB.

15. T HE M ULTIMEDIA C ARD (MMC) USES A FLASH MEMORY CARD STANDARD TO HOUSE DIGITAL DATA. I T WAS INTRODUCED BY S IEMEN ' S AND S AN D ISK IN 1997.

16. A USB F LASH D RIVE USES A NAND- TYPE FLASH MEMORY TO STORE DIGITAL DATA. A USB F LASH D RIVE PLUGS INTO THE USB INTERFACE ON STANDARD COMPUTERS.

17. T HE S ECURE D IGITAL (SD) FLASH MEMORY FORMAT INCORPORATES DRM ENCRYPTION FEATURES THAT ALLOW FOR FASTER FILE TRANSFERS. A TYPICAL SD CARD STORES DIGITAL MEDIA FOR A PORTABLE DEVICE.

18. T HE FUTURE OF COMPUTER MEMORY RELIES ON HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY. I T CAN STORE DIGITAL DATA AT HIGH DENSITY INSIDE CRYSTALS AND PHOTO - POLYMERS. T HE ADVANTAGE OF HOLOGRAPHIC MEMORY LIES IN ITS ABILITY TO STORE DATA IN WHOLE CRYSTALS (3D), INSTEAD OF JUST ON THE SURFACE OF DISCS.

19. C LOUD ENABLES BUSINESSES TO PROTECT DATA USING BACKUP, RECOVER FROM A DISASTER, AND ARCHIVE FILES ON THE I NTERNET.