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Importance of Math
Frequently used in health care
Requires 100% accuracy
Errors can have dire consequences
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Math Anxiety
Common problem
Impedes performance
Can be overcome
Myths
Mind games
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Basic Calculations
Whole numbers
Add
Subtract
Multiply
Divide
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Decimals
Expressed in units of ten
Placement values
Zero used before decimal point if number begins to right of decimal point
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Working with Decimals
Placement of decimal
Add
Subtract
Multiply
Divide
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Fractions
Represents part of a whole
Numerator
Denominator
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9. Working with Fractions
Add
Subtract
Multiply
Divide
Improper fractions
Reducing fractions
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Percentages
Expresses whole or part of a whole
Whole expressed as 100%
Convert to a decimal and then perform calculation
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Ratios
Show relationships between numbers or like values
Compare presence of one value to another
Frequently used to express the strength of a solution
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Rounding Numbers
What does it mean?
Round up
Round down
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13. Solving with Proportions
Statement of equality between two ratios
Use for converting from one unit to another
Steps for solving problems
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Estimating
Anticipates the results
To determine if answer is reasonable
Calculating the approximate answer
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Military Time
Use of a 24-hour clock
No AM or PM used
Avoids errors
12th hour is noon
24th hour is midnight
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Military Clock
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Roman Numerals
Arabic versus Roman Numerals
All numbers are from seven key numerals
I, V, X, L, C, D, M
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Roman Numerals Rules
If smaller numeral is in front of a larger numeral
If smaller numeral is after a larger numeral
Repeating same numeral
Limit to number of times numeral is placed next to itself
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Angles
Comparison to a reference plane
Using angles in health care
Degree is unit of measurement
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Angles
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21. Systems of Measurement
Three systems of measurement
Distance (length)
Capacity (volume)
Mass (weight)
Nomenclature is a method of naming
Need to convert between systems
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Household System
Used in the United States
Nomenclature for distance/length
Nomenclature for capacity/volume
Nomenclature for mass/weight
Common equivalents
How to convert
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Metric System
Used in Europe
More accurate and easier to use
Nomenclature for distance/length
Nomenclature for capacity/volume
Nomenclature for mass/weight
Converting units by moving the decimal
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Apothecary System
Oldest and least used
Nomenclature for capacity/volume
Nomenclature for mass/weight
Common equivalents
How to convert
Roman numerals and abbreviation for half
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Converting Systems
Why converting between systems is needed in health care
Common equivalencies between systems
Equivalencies frequently not exact
Steps to convert
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26. Temperature Conversion
Fahrenheit (F) used in the United States
Centigrade (C) used in Europe
Boiling point and freezing point comparisons
Converting between Centigrade and Fahrenheit readings
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Temperature Scales
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