1. Hindu Worship and Rituals Worship can take place either in the home or the temple

2. The mandir 2

3. Hindu worship Hindu children learn their faith at home, or with a guru or swami at a temple. The home is where daily worship and prayer takes place. A common daily ritual is puja. Puja is an offering to the gods, and may be offered for special occasions in a temple (e.g. Durga Puja). Temple puja is far more elaborate than home puja, and is performed by priests. At the temple, puja is offered at sunrise, noon, sunset and midnight 3

4. How to perform puja Puja consists of many steps, performed at a home altar: Welcoming the deity Washing the deity statue (murti) Putting on sacred thread Ringing a bell Applying sacred pastes or oils to murti Offering flowers, incense and garlands Lighting a lamp and waving it around image (aarti) Offering food (e.g. ghee, fruit, sugar, rice) – later the food can be offered to followers as prasad Bowing and circumambulation (walking around the image) The prayers, mantras and songs are typically led by the head of the household Applying sacred pastes to the forehead (tilak) 4

5. How to perform puja 5

6. Globalization in Hindu worship How to perform a Ganesh Chaturthi Pooja at home (according to internet kit) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRxUDL5QXPo http://www.pureprayer.in/default.aspx Online e-pooja, order rituals, online darshan http://www.shrikashivishwanath.org/en/online/epooja.aspx Order puja, homa online http://www.saranam.com/ 6

7. Homa Homa is a ritual of making offerings to a sacred fire The fire is first built and consecrated (made holy) The fire may be built in a pit for the occasion or in a special vessel made of brick, clay or copper Homa is generally used for more special occasions (e.g. taking renunciation vows, naming of a child) 7

8. Murti A murti is the embodiment of the deity The murti itself is not a god, but contains its spirit once the name of the deity is invoked Bhakti practitioners treat their murti with reverence – washing, dressing and offering garlands to it This is not seen as idol worship by mainstream Hinduism Some teachers have compared murtis to talking on the telephone; we do not talk to the telephone, we talk to the person on the other end. Without the phone or the murti, communication would not be possible. 8

9. Prasad Literally, a “gracious gift”, sanctified food – offered to a deity and then shared prasad is considered to have the deity’s blessing The 2 main reasons Hindus take pilgrimage or visit temples is to receive prasad and to have darshan (see the deities) 9

10. Arati/Aarti Arati is the offering of songs and light are offered to the deities The lamp or arati plate is lit with wicks soaked in ghee or camphor This tradition is related to homa and is usually part of puja When the lamp is waved before the image of a deity, it is believed to get the power of the deity Followers warm their hands with the lamp and place the heat over the eyes or forehead 10

11. Connect stages of life rituals – renunciation and marriage Columbia University (NYC) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qym9jn6LU8w Hindu wedding montage - Hindu Wedding Toronto.mp4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKcPGR24524 Varanasi (Asian Art Museum) – death and cremation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoC_x3Hzkkc&list=PL8A01 EF6231F95FA3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoC_x3Hzkkc&list=PL8A01 EF6231F95FA3 11

12. Samskaras Samskaras are rites of passage Important for twice-born Hindus Seen as purifying, able to remove sin and give virtue Read pages 136-140 in Exploring World Religions and “Religious Life and Practices” (UWO) and summarize. Be sure to include at least the following terms/concepts: Naming First outing First haircut First solid food Upanayana Marriage Forehead marks for different sects What happens to a corpse after death (mention widows as well as others) Shraddha Places other than temples/shrines that Hindus worship at Pilgrimage (name a few places) Be sure you fill in terms in your 6-trait model for Hinduism – particularly festivals – you will need more details in your notes than will fit in the chart. 12

13. Tilak Forehead marks are worn in Hinduism to signify the mind’s eye (3 rd eye) – a centre point of human energy In the past, marks were worn only by priests and other holy people – today they are commonly worn Traditionally, marks denoted caste. Today, it more often denotes sect Vaishnavites often wear a U shaped tilak Shaivites wear horizontal lines of ash Shaktas wear a red line or red dot Bindhis are worn by women to denote marital status or for decoration 13

14. 14 How to put on Tilak (vaishnava)