1. Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course

2. Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson (D-R) vs. President John Adams (F)
Jefferson defeats Adams by 8 electoral votes but is tied with running mate, Aaron Burr
House of Representatives called upon to choose
Alexander Hamilton steps in to persuade House to select Jefferson
Leads to the creation of the Twelfth Amendment- Pres and VP run on the same ticket
Referred to as constituting “another revolution”
the party in power (Federalist) stepped down after losing the election
Election of 1800

3. Jefferson’s Presidency
Jefferson’s philosophy=decentralized power… so what does he do when he steps into office?
Size of the military reduced
Lowered Government Expenses, Cut Taxes
Free Trade w/o Government Control
Reduced the size of the National Bank
National debt decreased
Increased number of federal employees
Jefferson’s Presidency

4. Jefferson’s Presidency
Repeals the Alien and Sedition Acts- why?
Increased the power of Agricultural South.
Many Federalists refused to participate in political campaigns because they did not want to appeal to the common people
Farmers tended to vote D-R because they represented agricultural interests
Jefferson’s Presidency

5. Judiciary Act of 1801- increased the number of federal judges to 16
Adams filled all the open positions with Federalist judges to try to leave a lasting influence in government
Right before he leaves office he tries to fill all the positions = Midnight Judges.
This leads to major issues.. Since not all the paperwork was delivered before TJ took office, he declared the appointments were invalid
The Midnight Judges
William Marbury is one of these
judges

6. James Madison, Jefferson’s Secretary of State, was responsible for delivering papers
Judiciary Act of 1789 required the Supreme Court to order the delivery of papers
Marbury sues over dispute…Marbury vs. Madison
John Marshall, chief justice of the Supreme Court, hands down one of the Supreme Court’s most important decisions and leads to…..JUDICIAL REVIEW
Marbury vs. Madison

7. Marbury vs. Madison So what happens??
Read the court’s decision and John Marshall’s ruling and answer these questions:
What was Marbury suing over?
What did Supreme Court rule? Why did they make this decision?
What lasting effects did this ruling have?
Marbury vs. Madison

8. The Court’s Decision Supreme court rules against Marbury! Why??
Jefferson was going to ignore the appointment & therefore ignore the Supreme Court.
So…The Supreme Court protects their power keeping judicial review.
Judicial Review- Gives the SC the power to decide which laws are Constitutional.
The Court’s Decision