1. Benchmark Reviewer Created by R.E. Angat Parkland High School 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat1

2. The Universe-biggest galaxies solar System planets dwarf planets 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat2

3. Earth’s tides is mainly because of the moon’s gravitational pull. http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/media/earths-tides/?ar_a=1 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat3

4. Earth’s rotation on its axis causes day and night. http://ciudaddecordoba3scienceblog.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-earth-rotates.html 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat4

5. Earth’s tilt on its axis causes seasons. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat5

6. Perihelion (near), winter in the Northern hemisphere http://nhlife.wordpress.com/2013/01/01/earth-at-its-closest-to-the-sun-for-all-of- 2013-at-midnight-eastern-on-january-2-2013-how-cool-is-that/ 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat6

7. Aphelion (far), summer in the Northern hemisphere http://nhlife.wordpress.com/2013/01/01/earth-at-its-closest-to-the-sun-for-all-of- 2013-at-midnight-eastern-on-january-2-2013-how-cool-is-that/ 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat7

8. Kepler’s 3 rd Law compares the orbital velocities of planets. Planets near the Sun revolve faster while planets farther from the Sun revolves slower. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat8

9. The diagram below demonstrates Kepler’s _____ Law. a.1 st b.2 nd c.3 rd d.4 th 2 nd 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat9

10. The diagram below demonstrates Kepler’s _____ Law. a.1 st b.2 nd c.3 rd d.4 th 1 st Elliptical orbit 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat10

11. Kepler’s Second Law http://astronomy.osu.edu/ 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat11

12. What is Kepler’s 1 st Law? Planets have elliptical or oval orbits. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat12

13. Earth rotates from west to east 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat13

14. Imbalance on the distribution of lands. Earth's daily rotation at about 1,000 mph. This produces flattening at the poles and bulging at the equator. bulging flattening 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat14

15. Comparing Rotation and Precession ROTATION PRECESSION Spinning Earth spins. Earth’s axis spins. Day and night. Changes our North star. 24 hours 26,000 years 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat15

16. The barycenter of the Earth and moon is approximately found ___________ below the surface of Earth. a.1,710 mi. b.1,710 km. 1,710 km. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat16

17. The barycenter is always nearer to the more massive object. The barycenter of the Earth and moon is approximately found 1710 mi. inside Earth. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat17

18. What is Precession? Earth’s axis rotation Earth precessionnutation Remember: Earth’s axis is only an imaginary line. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat18

19. What is the orbital tilt of Earth? Earth’s orbital tilt is 23.5 degrees. This tilt is responsible for the seasons on Earth. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat19

20. What are the two factors that causes the precession of Earth? 1. Earth’s shape is oblate spheroid. The spinning motion of Earth causes it to bulge at the equator. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat20

21. Uneven gravitational pull Precession happens because moon’s orbit is tilted from the Earth’s elliptical plane 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat21

22. Earth bulges at the equator. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat22

23. What is our current North star? Earth’s current northern star is Polaris. Thousands of years from now it would be Deneb. Earth’s axis 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat23

24. What is our current North star? Precession changes our northern star. Earth’s axis 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat24

25. Nuclear fusion powers the Sun. http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=kids&utilityid=novec&id=16182 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat25

26. The Sun powers photosynthesis. The Sun makes our planet warm. Give two reasons why the Sun is so important. heat 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat26

27. 2. Give two reasons why we need plants. Lessens greenhouse gases or CO 2. We need plants to have food oxygen. We need plants to prevent global warming. food O2O2 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat27

28. summer winter Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. Northern hemisphere is tilted away from Sun. What causes the seasons on Earth? Earth’s tilt and its revolution around the Sun produce seasons. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat28

29. Seasons and distance from the Sun http://dolio.lh.net/~apw/astro/sun.html Winter- USA Summer-USA Summer -Australia Winter-Australia Far Near 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat29

30. The Sun and all the planets revolve around the barycenter. http://ww.earthmatrix.com/index.html 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat30

31. Igneous rock uplift Weathering and erosion Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock sediments Deposition, burial, lithification Heat and pressure Melted into Magma Cooling and crystallization 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat31

32. Igneous rock uplift Weathering and erosion Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock sediments Deposition, burial, lithification Heat and pressure Melted intoMagma Cooling and crystallization Heat and pressure uplift 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat32

33. Multiple choice: Choose your answer from the following: Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic Crystallization of magma forms __________. Rock Cycle Igneous 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat33

34. Multiple choice: Choose your answer from the following: Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic Burial and compaction form ____________. Rock Cycle Sedimentary 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat34

35. Multiple choice: Choose your answer from the following: Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic Heat and pressure form _______________. Rock Cycle Metamorphic 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat35

36. Multiple choice: Choose your answer from the following: Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic Deposition of sediment forms ___________. Rock Cycle Sedimentary 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat36

37. Multiple choice: Choose your answer from the following: Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic Melting and cooling form ______________. Rock Cycle Igneous 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat37

38. 9. How are rocks recycled? Rocks are recycled when they are broken by weathering and/or melted by magma when they are buried deep underground. Depending on the process that happens next, a new rock is formed. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat38

39. Rocks are classified on how they were formed and what type of minerals is present in them. 1. Igneous – melting and cooling. 2. Sedimentary- sedimentation, compaction, cementation, lithification. 3. Metamorphic – heat and pressure 10. How are rocks classified? 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat39

40. Plate Boundaries 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat40

41. Convergent Boundary Mountains and volcanoes form. 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat41

42. Strike-slip or Transform Boundary Earthquakes 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat42

43. Transform Boundary Earthquakes 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat43

44. Divergent Boundary Rift valley, mid-ocean ridge 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat44

45. The Ring of Fire Frequent Earthquakes 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat45

46. The Ring of Fire A lot of Earthquakes 9/25/2014created by: R.E. Angat46