1. Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions SMOKE Training
Community Modeling and Analysis System Center
Institute for the Environment
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
©2011 Institute for the Environment

2. CMAS Community Modeling and Analysis System http://www.cmascenter.org
What does CMAS do?
Working to coordinate community approach to emissions and air quality modeling
Software distribution and support
Training and conferences
Outreach
Development
Communication
CMAQ, MCIP, SMOKE, I/O API, PAVE, MIMS
January 2011 SMOKE/CMAQ Training
Konkuk University Seoul, Korea

3. SMOKE Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions http://www. smoke-model
Features:
Open-source, highly optimized
Criteria and toxics pollutants
Supports CMAQ, CAMx, MAQSIP, REMSAD, UAM
Annual, daily, hourly inventories
MOBILE6 and BEIS3
Fire plume rise algorithms
Flexible QA/QC features
Large user community
Active training program

4. Training Overview Emissions processing basics SMOKE basics
Running SMOKE
Overview lab
SMOKE programs
SMOKE problem solving
Area sources lab
Biogenics lab
Point sources lab
Pregridded sources lab
Merge lab
Quality assurance lab
©2011 Institute for the Environment

5. Overall Goal Emissions inventory Air quality model input
Usually annual data
(i.e. tons/yr)
Reported by source (may be county or coordinate)
By inventory pollutant
(CO, NOx, VOC,,,)
Air quality model input
Hourly
Gridded
By model species
May be 3-D file (layered)
©2011 Institute for the Environment

6. Source Categories Point source characteristics
Country, state, and county (FIPS)
Latitude and longitude
Plant, point, stack, segment, and source category code (SCC)
Ex: power plants, furniture refinishers
Area source characteristics
Country, state, and county
Source category code (SCC)
Ex: residential heating, lawnmowers, vehicular road dust (unpaved road),airports.
©2011 Institute for the Environment

7. Source Categories Mobile (on-road) source characteristics
Country, state, and county
Road type (e.g. rural interstate, urban local)
Vehicle type (e.g. light/heavy duty gasoline vehicles)
Optional link coordinates ( road segment within a county)
Ex: gasoline and diesel vehicles on freeways
Biogenic source characteristics
Gridded land use
Ex: crops, corn, soybean, conifer forests, wetlands
©2011 Institute for the Environment

8. Definitions
Inventory pollutant: A compound or group of compounds defined for record-keeping and regulatory purposes (e.g. CO, NOx, VOC, PM10, PM2.5)
Species: A compound or group of compounds defined as part of the estimation of air chemistry in an air quality model (AQM) (e.g. CO, NO, NO2, PAR, TOL, OLE)
©2011 Institute for the Environment

9. Definitions
Speciation: Convert the inventory pollutant data to the species needed by the AQM (e.g. VOC gets split into PAR, OLE, XYL, TOL, ISOP, and more)
Chemical mechanism: A parameterized representation of coupled chemical reactions (e.g. CB4, RADM2, SAPRAC99, CB05)
©2011 Institute for the Environment

10. Definitions
Map projection: The mathematical 2-d representation of the spherical surface of the Earth (Emission and Air Quality Models shares)
Model grid: A 2-d region based on a map projection; defined by starting coordinates, number of columns and rows, and the physical size of the grid cells
©2011 Institute for the Environment

11. Model Grid Definition
©2011 Institute for the Environment

12. Model Grid Examples
©2011 Institute for the Environment

13. Definitions
Spatial allocation: Convert the source spatial extent to the grid cell resolution needed by the air quality model
Gridding surrogates: A dataset used to spatially allocate the emissions to the grid cells; developed from data at a finer resolution than the emissions (e.g. population, housing, airports, roads)
©2011 Institute for the Environment

14. Definitions
Model layers: Vertical spatial divisions of the atmosphere defined by an air quality model; used to model variations in the atmosphere at different vertical positions
Plume rise: The rising of exhaust from point sources due to the velocity and temperature of the exhaust gases
©2011 Institute for the Environment

15. Definitions
Elevated source: A point source in which emissions extend beyond the first model layer due to plume rise
Plume-in-grid (PinG): A special treatment of elevated sources in which the plume rise is modeled with extra detail by the AQM
©2011 Institute for the Environment

16. Definitions
Temporal allocation: Convert the annual or daily inventory data to the hourly data needed by the AQM
Profile data: Factors used for converting inventory emissions data to AQM data
Cross-reference: A dataset used to match sources in the inventory with profile data
©2011 Institute for the Environment

17. Cross-reference Example
X-ref table
Profiles table
State
County ID NC
Durham 14
Orange
Wake 15 SC
all 17 ID
Factor 1
Factor 2 13
1.2
10.4 14
1.4
12.7 15
1.7
18.3 16
1.6
15.2 17
1.1
9.8
©2011 Institute for the Environment

18. Area Emissions Processing
Import data
Spatial allocation
Speciation
Temporal allocation
Growth (to a future or past year) and controls
Merge
©2011 Institute for the Environment

19. Point Emissions Processing
Import, speciation, temporal allocation, growth/controls, plus…
No surrogates needed for spatial allocation
May have day- and hour-specific emissions
Determine elevated and PinG sources
Special processing for elevated and PinG sources
Merge
©2011 Institute for the Environment

20. Biogenic Emissions Processing
MEGAN emissions model
Global gridded land cover, emissions factors, and plant functional types
Compute hourly biogenic photochemical and secondary organic aerosol precursors
Adjust estimates using simulated temperature and solar radiation
©2011 Institute for the Environment

21. Merging
Combine independent import, gridding, speciation, temporal allocation, and other steps for a single sourcse category to create model-ready files
Combine multiple source categories into a single data set, called model-ready output for the AQM
Output correct units, species, time steps, grid, and file format for the AQM
©2011 Institute for the Environment

22. Quality Assurance
Compare emission totals from emissions processor with inventory totals (by state, county, SCC, etc.)
Compare emission totals after each stage of processing
Ensure that input file formats are correct
Ensure that no errors occurred during processing
Compare emissions between states and counties
©2011 Institute for the Environment

23. SMOKE Basics Programs Data flow Shared program details Capabilities
Benefits
©2011 Institute for the Environment

24. Emissions Processing Paradigms
©2011 Institute for the Environment

25. SMOKE Programs
©2011 Institute for the Environment

26. SMOKE Data Flow
©2011 Institute for the Environment

27. Capabilities Data Import
Formats
EMS-95: area, mobile, point, and day- and hour-specific point
IDA and ORL (toxics): area, mobile, and point
CEM format : hour-specific point
Pregridded inventories in netCDF format
Gridded land use
User-defined inventory pollutants
Photochemical precursors, PM, air toxics defined by default; new pollutants can be added as needed
No limit on number of pollutants
©2011 Institute for the Environment

28. Capabilities Spatial Allocation
Convert inventory spatial distribution to 3-d modeling grid
Input coordinates: Lat-Lon or Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Output projections: Lat-Lon, Lambert, equatorial mercator, polar stereographic
No limit on number and size of grid cells
Area: use gridding surrogates or assign lat-lon coordinates
Mobile: apply gridding surrogates
Point: assign point source locations to grid cells
©2011 Institute for the Environment

29. Capabilities Chemical Speciation
Convert inventory VOC and PM pollutants to species required by air quality models
User-defined species, unlimited number
CB05 and SAPRC-99 mechanisms are readily available; other mechanism speciation can be developed by users
Handles both mole-based and mass-based speciation
©2011 Institute for the Environment

30. Capabilities Temporal Allocation
Convert inventory temporal coverage to hourly estimates
Supports monthly, weekly, and hourly profiles
Allows different hourly profiles for each day of the week
Can use average-day or annual inventory data
Point sources can use day- and hour-specific data
Biogenics based on meteorology data
Automatic accounting for holidays
©2011 Institute for the Environment

31. Capabilities Growth and Controls
Uses year-specific growth factors to grow inventories to future or past years
Several types of multiplicative and reactivity controls
Location and source IDs for area and mobile
Source-specific for Point
Pollutant-specific growth and controls
©2011 Institute for the Environment

32. Capabilities Biogenics Processing
MEGAN can be run outside of SMOKE and configured to output SMOKE-formatted files
Merge MEGAN data with anthropogenic emissions for input to AQMs
Several chemical mechanisms (CB4, CB05, and SAPRC99) are readily available to convert VOC estimates from MEGAN to AQM species
Support NO and VOC emission factors only
©2011 Institute for the Environment

33. Capabilities Point Source Processing
Annual, Day- and/or hour-specific data by pollutant
Supports customized source definition based on different text inventory formats
Selects elevated and PinG sources
Can import hourly data such as Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM)
©2011 Institute for the Environment

34. Capabilities Elevated Source Options
Two options for defining elevated sources
Define characteristics of elevated sources and allow AQMto computes plume rise
Treat all sources as potentially elevated; SMOKE computes plume rise
Select PinG sources; SMOKE outputs special PinG file
Allocate 2-d area sources to vertical layers using vertical profiles
©2011 Institute for the Environment

35. Benefits of SMOKE
Faster processing than other systems (pre-compiled Linux program)
Flexible processing paradigm for multiple grids, control strategies, chemical mechanisms, etc.
Machine-independent binary file format (netCDF-I/O API)
No grid or inventory size limits
No limit to number of pollutants or species
Processing for ozone, toxics, PM, wildfires, offshore, lightening, and aircraft modeling
Open source codes for users
Output for CMAQ, MAQSIP, UAM-V, CAMx, UAM-AERO, REMSAD, and AERMOD
©2011 Institute for the Environment

36. SMOKE Libraries and Utilities
Libraries: I/O API, NetCDF
Analysis/Postprocessing: I/O API Tools
Ancillary data tools: Spatial Allocator, Speciation Tool
Visualization: PAVE, VERDI, IDV
©2011 Institute for the Environment

37. SMOKE Libraries and Utilities
Library files provide an easy way for programs to share commonly used subroutines; three libraries used by CMAQ
I/O API - an easy-to-learn, easy-to-use programming library for data storage and access, available for both Fortran and C
netCDF - an interface for array-oriented data access and a library that provides an implementation of the interface
©2011 Institute for the Environment

38. I/O API Library
The Input/Output Applications Programming Interface contains an extensive set of utility routines for manipulating dates and times, performing coordinate conversions, storing and recalling grid definitions, sparse matrix arithmetic, etc., as well as a set of data-manipulation and statistical analysis programs
Command line programs that are easy to script for automating analysis and post processing
Examples of I/O API utilities
©2011 Institute for the Environment

39. netCDF Library
The Network Common Data Form is an interface to a library of data access functions for storing and retrieving data in the form of arrays
An abstraction that supports a view of data as a collection of self-describing, network-transparent objects that can be accessed through a simple interface
By using direct file access, netCDF achieves the goal of supporting efficient access to small subsets of large datasets
©2011 Institute for the Environment

40. I/O API Tools
m3diff: for computing statistics for pairs of variables and for applying various comparison ("differencing") operations to those variables in a pair of files
m3edhdr: edit header attributes/file descriptive parameters
m3merge: merges selected variables from a set of input files for a specified time period, and writes them to a single output file, with optional variable-renaming in the process
vertot: compute vertical-column totals of variables in a file
©2011 Institute for the Environment

41. The Surrogate Tool
Creates spatial surrogates from GIS Shapefile attributes or functions of the attributes
Merges surrogates
0.75*Total Road Miles *Population
Gapfills surrogates
prevents dropping of emissions with up to four levels of coverage
©2011 Institute for the Environment

42. Speciation Tool
Generates chemical speciation profiles for emission models, including SMOKE
Converts VOC and PM mass fractions to photochemical mechanism species
Supports any defined chemical mechanism
Supports both VOC and PM species
Supports integrated and non-integrated HAPS
Supports both active and tracer toxics
©2011 Institute for the Environment

43. PAVE
Package for Analysis and Visualization of Environmental data is a UNIX/Linux graphics tool for netCDF and UAM formatted data
PAVE is a flexible and distributed application to visualize multivariate gridded environmental datasets
Easily scriptable to automate plot generation
Creates 2-d tile plots, time series, 3-d mesh plots, bar charts, scatter plots, and integrates observations into graphics
©2011 Institute for the Environment

44. VERDI
Visualization Environment for Rich Data Interpretation is Java graphics tool for I/O API-netCDF formatted data
VERDI was developed as a replacement for PAVE
Easily scriptable to automate plot generation
Creates 2-d tile plots, time series, 3-d mesh plots, bar charts, scatter plots, and integrates observations into graphics
©2011 Institute for the Environment

45. IDV
Integrated Data Viewer is a Java graphics tool that supports multiple data formats
IDV is a 3-d visualization tool
Scriptable to automate plot generation
In addition to standard output formats (gif, mpeg, etc), also can output kmz files.
Current version is IDV 2.7 update 1
©2011 Institute for the Environment

46. Running SMOKE Assigns file Files and directory names
Default directory structure
Case and episode settings
Script structure
©2011 Institute for the Environment

47. Assigns File
Sets directory names and file names for input and output files
Sets case-specific (global) settings like grid, chemical mechanism, and episode dates
Used when running scripts and when working directly with files
Always “source your Assigns file”
> cd $SMK_HOME/subsys/smoke/assigns
> source ASSIGNS.nei96.cmaq.cb4p25.us36
©2011 Institute for the Environment

48. Main Directories SMKROOT: Main SMOKE system directory Assigns file
Run scripts
Program source code
Executables
($SMK_HOME)
©2011 Institute for the Environment

49. Main Directories SMKDAT: Main SMOKE data directory Inventories
Cross-reference and profile data
Intermediate and output files
©2011 Institute for the Environment

50. Inventory Directories
INVDIR: Main inventory directory
ARDAT: Area source inventory data
BGDAT: Biogenics land use data
MBDAT: Mobile source inventory data
PTDAT: Point source inventory data
©2011 Institute for the Environment

51. Other Input Directories
GE_DAT: General data directory
Grid descriptions
Cross-reference and profile data
Other inputs (holidays, country/state/county names, stack parameters, SCC/SIC description names, etc.)
©2011 Institute for the Environment

52. Other Input Directories
MET_DAT: Meteorology data directory
Hourly, gridded meteorology data from MCIP
©2011 Institute for the Environment

53. Intermediate Output Directories
INVOPD: Intermediate inventory directory
Output from Smkinven and Grwinven
©2011 Institute for the Environment

54. Intermediate Output Directories
SCENARIO: Time-dependent output directory
Output from Temporal and Laypoint
©2011 Institute for the Environment

55. Intermediate Output Directories
STATIC: Time-independent output directory
Output from Grdmat, Spcmat, Cntlmat, Elevpoint, Mbsetup, Premobl, and Emisfac
©2011 Institute for the Environment

56. Model-Ready Output Directories
A_OUT: Merged area output directory
B_OUT: Merged biogenic output directory
M_OUT: Merged mobile output directory
P_OUT: Merged point output directory
OUTPUT: Final merged output directory
©2011 Institute for the Environment

57. Report Directories REPSTAT: Time-independent reports directory
- Reports containing emissions that are not temporalized
REPSCEN: Time-dependent reports directory
- Reports containing temporalized emissions
©2011 Institute for the Environment

58. Overall Settings GRID: Grid name used in naming files
IOAPI_GRIDNAME_1: Grid name used in grid description file
SPC: Chemical speciation name
cmaq.cb4p25
cmaq.saprc99pm
remsad7.cb4mpm
©2011 Institute for the Environment

59. Episode Settings EPI_STDATE: Episode start date (YYYYDDD)
EPI_STTIME: Episode start time (HHMMSS)
EPI_RUNLEN: Episode run length (HHHMMSS)
EPI_NDAY: Number of days in the episode
G_STDATE: Start date for each output file
G_STTIME: Start time for each output file
G_RUNLEN: Length of each output file
ESDATE: Start date used in file names
©2011 Institute for the Environment

60. Basic SMOKE Script Structure
Set Assigns file name
Set source category
Select which programs to run
Program-specific settings
Multiple-program settings
Script settings
Assigns file override settings
Source the Assigns file
Run main SMOKE programs (smk_run.csh)
Run Smkreport (qa_run.csh)
Loop through days for time-dependent steps
©2011 Institute for the Environment

61. Training Details Inventory Pollutants Domains Period
2005 West Asia and Europe inventory
Pollutants
CO, NOx, VOC, SO2, NH3, PM10, PM2.5
Domains
Arabian Gulf 36km and UAE 12km
Period
July 7, 2009
©2011 Institute for the Environment

62. West Asia 36 and 12-km domains
Training Domains
West Asia 36 and 12-km domains
©2011 Institute for the Environment

63. SMOKE Programs Elevpoint Smkinven Laypoint Grdmat MEGAN Spcmat
Smkmerge
Mrggrid
Mrgelev
Smk2emis
Smkreport
Smkinven
Grdmat
Spcmat
Cntlmat
Grwinven
Temporal
Layalloc
©2011 Institute for the Environment

64. SMOKE Programs
©2011 Institute for the Environment

65. Area Source Processing
©2011 Institute for the Environment

66. Area Source Processing
©2011 Institute for the Environment

67. Smkinven (1) Imports area, mobile, or point source inventories Inputs
Inventory file
ARINV|MBINV|PTINV
Country/state/county codes
COSTCY
Inventory table
INVTABLE
Day-specific files(s)
PTDAY
Hour-specific files(s)
PTHOUR
Replacement stack parameters
PSTK
Area-to-point assignments
ARTOPNT
©2011 Institute for the Environment

68. Smkinven (2) Outputs SMOKE inventory file AREA|MOBL|PNTS
Text file listing several files: area.ncf, asrc.txt, area_dat/<pollutant>.ncf
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
SMOKE day-specific file
PDAY
SMOKE hour-specific file
PHOUR
Inventory SCC list
[A|M|P]SCC
Import report
REPINVEN
©2011 Institute for the Environment

69. Smkinven (3) Major settings SMK_SOURCE [A|M|P] sets source category
DAY_SPECIFIC_YN
Y = import day-specific data
HOUR_SPECIFIC_YN
Y = import hour-specific data
SMK_ARTOPNT_YN
Y = assign coordinates to specified sources
SMKINVEN_FORMULA
“PMC=PM10-PM2_5” to compute coarse PM from PM10 and PM2.5
WEST_HSPHERE
Y = convert stack coordinates to Western hemisphere
©2011 Institute for the Environment

70. Grdmat (1)
Creates area, mobile, or point source gridding matrix to assign inventory emissions to model grid cells.
Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
Gridding cross-reference
[A|M]GREF
Gridding surrogates description file
SRGDESC
Grid description file
GRIDDESC
Mobile codes
MCODES
©2011 Institute for the Environment

71. Grdmat (2) Outputs Gridding matrix [A|M|P]GMAT Ungridding matrix MUMAT
Surrogate codes by source
[A|M]GSUP
Major settings
SMK_SOURCE
[A|M|P] sets source category
REPORT_DEFAULTS
Y = reports when default profile is used
SMK_DEFAULT_SRGID
Default surrogate code to use when primary surrogate would cause zero emissions
©2011 Institute for the Environment

72. Spcmat (1)
Creates area, mobile, or point source speciation matrices for mass- and mole-based factors
Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
Speciation profiles
GSPRO
Speciation cross-reference
GSREF
Pollutant conversion file
GSCNV
Mobile codes
MCODES
Mobile emission processes
MEPROC
Inventory table
INVTABLE
©2011 Institute for the Environment

73. Spcmat (2) Outputs Mole speciation matrix [A|M|P]SMAT_L
Mass speciation matrix
[A|M|P]SMAT_S
Speciation codes by source
[A|M|P]SUP
Major settings
SMK_SOURCE
[A|M|P] sets source category
REPORT_DEFAULTS
Y = reports when default profile is used
POLLUTANT_CONVERSION
Y = use GSCNV file
©2011 Institute for the Environment

74. Temporal (1) Computes hourly area, mobile, or point source emissions
Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
SMOKE day-specific file
PDAY
SMOKE hour-specific file
PHOUR
Temporal profiles
[A|M|P]TPRO
Temporal cross-reference file
[A|M|P]TREF
Inventory table
INVTABLE
©2011 Institute for the Environment

75. Temporal (2) Inputs (continued) Country/state/county codes COSTCY
Holiday identification file
HOLIDAYS
Outputs
Hourly emissions file
[A|M|P]TMP
Temporal profile codes by source
[A|M|P]TSUP
©2011 Institute for the Environment

76. Temporal (3) Major settings SMK_SOURCE [A|M|P] sets source category
G_STDATE
Output file start date (YYYYDDD)
G_STTIME
Output file start time (HHMMSS)
G_RUNLEN
Output file duration (HHMMSS)
OUTZONE
Output time zone
DAY_SPECIFIC_YN
Y = use day-specific data
HOUR_SPECIFIC_YN
Y = use hour-specific data
REPORT_DEFAULTS
Y = report when default profile is used
SMK_AVEDAY_YN
Y = use average-day emissions
©2011 Institute for the Environment

77. Cntlmat (1)
Creates area, mobile, or point source growth and/or control matrices
Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
Control packets file
GCNTL
Speciation profiles (reactivity controls only)
GSPRO
©2011 Institute for the Environment

78. Cntlmat (2) Outputs Growth matrix [A|M|P]PMAT Mole reactivity matrix
[A|M|P]RMAT_L
Mass reactivity matrix
[A|M|P]RMAT_S
Reactivity supplemental file
[A|M|P]RSUP
Multiplicative control matrix
[A|M|P]CMAT
/CONTROL/ packet report
[A|M|P]CREP
/REACTIVITY/ packet report
[A|M|P]REACREP
/PROJECTION/ packet report
[A|M|P]PROJREP
Summary report
[A|M|P]CSUMREP
©2011 Institute for the Environment

79. Cntlmat (3) Major settings SMK_SOURCE [A|M|P] sets source category
REPORT_DEFAULTS
Y = report when default control is used
©2011 Institute for the Environment

80. Grwinven
Grows an inventory using the growth and control matrices from Cntlmat
Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
Growth and control matrices
[A|M|P]CMAT[##]
Outputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA_O|MOBL_O|PNTS_O
Text inventory file
ARINV_O|MBINV_O|PTINV_O
Major settings
SMK_NUM_CNTLMAT
Number of matrices
SMK_OUTPUTIDA_YN
Y = output raw IDA inventory
©2011 Institute for the Environment

81. Smkmerge (1)
Merges any set of intermediate SMOKE files to create model-ready output files and/or state/county emission total reports
Inputs
SMOKE inventory files
AREA
Gridding matrices
AGMAT
Hourly emissions
ATMP
Speciation matrices
ASMAT
©2011 Institute for the Environment

82. Smkmerge (2) Inputs (continued) Grid description file GRIDDESC
Multiplicative control matrices
ACMAT
Reactivity control matrices
ARMAT
Country/state/county codes
COSTCY
Inventory table
INVTABLE
©2011 Institute for the Environment

83. Smkmerge (3) Outputs Emissions data [A]G[T][S][_S|_L]
State/county report
REP[A]G[T][S][_S|_L]
©2011 Institute for the Environment

84. Smkmerge (4) Major settings MRG_SOURCE
[A][B][M][P] indicates which source categories to merge
MRG_SPCMAT_YN
Y = merge speciation matrices
MRG_TEMPORAL_YN
Y = merge hourly emissions
MRG_CTLMAT_MULT
[A][M][P] merge mult. controls
MRG_CTLMAT_REAC
[A][M][P] merge reac. controls
MRG_GRDOUT_YN
Y = output gridded file
MRG_REPSTA_YN
Y = output state total report
MRG_REPCNY_YN
Y = output county total report
©2011 Institute for the Environment

85. Smkmerge (5) Major settings (continued) MRG_GRDOUT_UNIT
Units for gridded output (_S/_L)
MRG_TOTOUT_UNIT
Units for state/county totals
MRG_METCHK_YN
Y = check the consistency of meteorology scenario name across multiple input files (mobile/biogenic/point)
©2011 Institute for the Environment

86. Point Source Processing
©2011 Institute for the Environment

87. Elevpoint (1)
Identifies elevated point sources by setting criteria of stack parameters
Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
PNTS
Grid description file
GRIDDESC
Elevated source selection file
(Stack height, Diameter, Top 10 NOx emitter)
PELVCONFIG
©2011 Institute for the Environment

88. Elevpoint (2) Outputs Elevated sources identification file PELV
PinG stack parameters file (CMAQ)
STACK_GROUPS
Major settings
SMK_PING_METHOD
0 = no PinG sources
1 = use PELVCONFIG to select PinG sources
SMK_ELEV_METHOD
0 = treat all sources as elevated
1 = use PELVCONFIG to select elevated sources
2 = create INLN input file for CMAQ in-line plume rise
©2011 Institute for the Environment

89. Laypoint (1)
Calculates plume rise layer fractions for elevated point sources to distribute into modeling layers
Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
PNTS
SMOKE hour-specific file (stack parameters or plume rise) : fires only
PHOUR
Elevated source identification file
PELV
Meteorology data files from MCIP
GRID_CRO_2D
MET_CRO_2D
MET_CRO_3D
MET_DOT_3D
©2011 Institute for the Environment

90. Laypoint (2) Outputs Layer fractions file PLAY
Explicit layer fractions file (hourly specific non-traditional point only)
PLAY_EX
Major settings
REP_LAYER_MAX
Max Layer number to report higher plumes than the layer
SMK_EMLAYS
Number of modeling emission layers interested in.
SMK_SPECELEV_YN
Y = use PELV file
HOUR_PLUMEDATA_YN
Y = import plume rise data
©2011 Institute for the Environment

91. Smkmerge (1)
Merges any set of intermediate SMOKE files to create model-ready output files and/or state/county emission total reports
Inputs
SMOKE inventory files
PNTS
Gridding matrices
PGMAT
Hourly emissions
PTMP
Speciation matrices
PSMAT
Layer fractions file
PLAY|PLAY_EX
©2011 Institute for the Environment

92. Smkmerge (2) Inputs (continued) Grid description file GRIDDESC
Multiplicative control matrices
PCMAT
Reactivity control matrices
PRMAT
Country/state/county codes
COSTCY
Inventory table
INVTABLE
Elevated source identification file
PELV
©2011 Institute for the Environment

93. Smkmerge (3) Outputs Emissions data [P]G[T][S][3D][_S|_L]
PinG emissions (CMAQ)
PING[T][S][_S|_L]
State/county report
REP[P]G[T][S][_S|_L]
UAM-style elevated file
ELEV[T][S][_S|_L]
©2011 Institute for the Environment

94. Smkmerge (4) Major settings MRG_LAYERS_YN Y = merge layer fractions
SMK_ASCIIELEV_YN
Y = create UAM-style elevated point source file (UAM style)
SMK_PING_METHOD
0 = no PinG
1 = create output PinG file
©2011 Institute for the Environment

95. Biogenic Source Processing
©2011 Institute for the Environment

96. MEGAN TXT2NCF MEGAN MG2IOAPI
Converts gridded text (CSV) file of plant functional types (PFTs) and plant-based emissions factors to netCDF format
MEGAN
Computes hourly biogenic emissions by apply meteorology (temp/pressure) into gridded normalized emissions
MG2IOAPI
Applies speciation factors to convert MEGAN output species to AQM pollutants.
©2011 Institute for the Environment

97. Mrggrid Final step in preparation of air quality model emissions
Merges 2-d and 3-d model-ready emissions files
(ex: Point + Area + Biogenic)
Inputs
Outputs
List of logical file names to merge
FILELIST
Output emissions file
OUTFILE
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98. Smkreport (1)
Generates a variety of user-defined emissions summary reports for area, mobile, and point sources
Inputs
Report configuration file
SMOKE inventory file
Hourly emissions file
Temporal profile codes by source
Gridding matrix
Surrogate codes by source
REPCONFIG
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
[A|M|P]TMP
[A|M|P]TSUP
[A|M|P]GMAT
[A|M]GSUP
©2011 Institute for the Environment

99. Smkreport (2) Inputs (continued) Speciation matrix [A|M|P]SMAT
Speciation profile codes by source
[A|M|P]SSUP
Layer fractions file
PLAY
Country/state/county codes
COSTCY
Elevated source identification file
PELV
©2011 Institute for the Environment

100. Smkreport (3) Outputs Any number of report files
REPORT1 REPORT2 REPORT3, etc.
Major settings
Most options are controlled by the report configuration file
More details are in the REPCONFIG documentation in Chapter 7 of the user’s manual
©2011 Institute for the Environment

101. SMOKE Problem Solving Examining log files Common problems
Smkreport program
SMOKE support
©2011 Institute for the Environment

102. Examining Log Files Every program outputs a log file
Check for normal completion of program
Fix any errors
Check file formats
Confirm locations of files
Internal errors are not usually fixable by the user
Check any warnings
May not be a problem, but need to confirm
©2011 Institute for the Environment

103. Common Problems (1)
Problem: Program is reporting that an output file cannot be opened
Solution:
Check that the directory listed in the log file is valid and exists
Delete the existing output file listed in the log file and rerun; the I/O API library will not overwrite files with different header information than the new file
©2011 Institute for the Environment

104. Common Problems (2)
Problem: Output file is not in the expected location after the program finishes
Solution:
Check that the program completed successfully
Check the log file to find out the logical file name of the output file
Ensure that the logical file name is defined in the Assigns file or scripts
©2011 Institute for the Environment

105. Common Problems (3)
Problem: Program is ending because an input file is not available
Solution:
Check the log file to find the name and location of the input file
Ensure that the logical file name is defined in the Assigns file or scripts
Check that the directory and file name of the input file is correct
If the input file is generated by another program, make sure that program completed successfully
©2011 Institute for the Environment

106. Smkreport
Can compare emissions at each stage of processing and with inventory totals
Output files can be imported into spreadsheet programs for further analysis
Supports the selection and grouping of inventory sources
Report by source, inventory sector ID, source characteristics, etc.
©2011 Institute for the Environment

107. SMOKE Support User’s Manual
EPA CHIEF (
CMAS Help Desk (
Emissions modeling list
©2011 Institute for the Environment