1. The Roman Republic

2. I.Geography A. Protected by mountains, but separated from rest of Europe 1.Alps a.Kept out European invaders 2.Apennine Mountains b. Run length of Italy B. Helped to control Mediterranean The Roman Republic

4. II. The founding of Rome A.Started by group called Latins before 700’s B.C. B.Settled on Tiber River 1.Crafted jewelry 2.Made Pottery 3.Built sewer system 4.Pave roads 5.Drain marshes 6.Some Greeks settled in Southern Italy 7.Adopted Greek gods III. A strategic location A.Built on seven hills, 15 miles inland on the Tiber B.Protected from invasion by sea, center of trade routes

5. IV.The Early Roman Republic A. Romulus and Remus Romulus and Remus B. Republic – form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state C. Senate – most influential and powerful body of the government A.In times of war a dictator could be named for six months D. Magistrates – elected officials E. Assemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courts

6. F.The Conflict of the Orders 1. Patricians – wealthy landowners 2. Plebeians – farmers and workers 3. The Romans engraved laws onto the Twelve Tables a.Put them in the public square for all to see G.The Republic Grows 1. The role of the Roman army – well-trained, strict discipline a.Legionnaires – 4500 – 6000 soldiers b.Auxilia – units of non-citizens H.Earning loyalty 1. Conquered peoples were granted limited rights 2. People from different parts of empire could purchase citizen ship

7. Roman Patricians and Plebeians Patricians Controlled government Landowners Nobles Inherited power Plebeians Farmers and workers Barred from office majority

8. I.Rome Fights Carthage (in N. Africa) A. The First Punic War 1.lasted 23 years 2.Carthage was forced to give up Sicily B. The Second Punic War 1.Hannibal was defeated by Scipio 2.Carthage had to give up Spain and its navy C. The Third Punic War 1.Rome again defeated Carthage and became supreme power in Mediterranean Roman Expansion

9. Causes and Results of Punic Wars CausesResults First Punic WarCarthage was afraid Rome would take Sicily; Rome was afraid Carthage would close the Adriatic Sea and Strait of Messina Carthage asked for peace; had to pay reparations and give up control of Sicily Second Punic WarHannibal invaded ItalyCarthage asked for peace; paid Rome reparations and lost the Spanish colonies Third Punic WarRomans passionately hated Carthage. Rome declared war Carthage was destroyed

10. II.The Problems of Expansion A. Nobles gained more power B. Wider gap between rich and poor III.Roman Provinces A. New territories B. Ruled by governors 1.Some were corrupt 2.Tax collectors squeezed as much as possible IV.Trade became new business A. Created a middle class of business people