1. Scientific Revolution

2. How did the Renaissance and Age of Exploration help pave the way for the Scientific Revolution?
Renaissance: scholars uncovered many classical manuscripts and the printing press was introduced to Europe.
Exploration: seeing new lands, peoples, and animals made people curious; navigators needed better instruments and geographical measurements.

3. Scientists Nicolaus Copernicus: heliocentric theory
Johannes Kepler: elliptical orbits of the planets
Galileo Galilei: law of the pendulum, objects fall at the same speed no matter their weight, supported theories of Copernicus
Isaac Newton: law of gravity

4. Developments
Scientific instruments: microscope (observation of bacteria and red blood cells), barometer, thermometer (Fahrenheit then Celsius)
Medicine: autopsy (detailed drawings of organs, bones, and muscles), the function of heart and blood vessels, and the development of vaccines
Chemistry: Boyle’s law, oxygen is separated from air and given its name

5. Scientific Method
Francis Bacon: introduces the experimental method to better understand the world
Rene Descartes: analytical geometry relied on math and logic; “I think, therefore I am”
Modern: observation + experimentation + general laws expressed by math = a better understanding