1. POPULATION PYRAMIDS

2. Objectives §WHAT is a population pyramid? §HOW to read a population pyramid? §Recognise SHAPES of population pyramids. §IMPORTANCE of population pyramids.

3. What is a population pyramid? §It is a diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and females in each age group. §Also shows: - proportion of young people (0 -14 ) - proportion of working people (15 – 59) - proportion of elderly people (60+) Each age-group designation is called a COHORT

4. What is a population pyramid? Vertical Axis - Age Groups Horizontal Axis – Percentage / number Young dependents Working population Elderly dependents

5. How to read a population pyramid? §Read the title e.g. country or city or racial group §Comment on general shape of the pyramid §Note the proportion of people in various age groups (cohorts) §Note the sex ratio  Interpret the data

7. Types of Population Pyramid 1. Triangular-shaped 2. Beehive-shaped Pyramid 3. Rectangular-shaped Pyramid Shape of pyramids is controlled by l Births (but mostly CBR!) l deaths, & l migrations.

8. Triangular-shaped Pyramid (Broad-based Pyramid)

9. Broad-based Pyramid Title: India, 2000 Shape: Broad Base - high birth rates Narrow Top - small elderly pop - high death rate Proportion: - Large proportion of young - high young dependency ratio Sex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance sex ratio

10. STOP §Where is India on the Demographic Transition Model?

11. Indonesia 2000 Malaysia 2000

13. Beehive-shaped Pyramid

14. Title: Singapore, 2000 Shape: Rocket-shaped / Narrow Base – Low Birth Rates, Slow pop growth Proportion: Large proportion of working population, 15-59 yr old - large group of economically active pop Sex Ratio: Balanced pyramid

15. Hong Kong 2000 Taiwan 2000

16. STOP §Where are Beehive shaped pyramids on the Demographic Transition Model?

17. Rectangular-shaped Pyramid

18. Rectangular Pyramid Title: Netherlands, 2000 Shape: Rectangular-shaped - Zero Pop Growth Narrow Base - Low Birth Rates - Life-expectancy is high e.g. 80+ - Low death rates Proportion: Bars of equal length - Balance Proportion Sex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance Sex Ratio

19. UK 2000 Netherlands 2000

20. STOP §Where are Rectangular Based Pyramids on the Demographic Transition Model?

21. Population Structure and Composition §Population pyramids…show age and gender groups. How do MDC’s and LDC’s differ? l 1.) Sex Ratio: # of males per 100 females. In general slightly more males born, but women outlive men Eur and NA 95 males: 100 females World wide 102 males: 100 females

22. Pop Structure and Composition – cont’d. §2.) Age Distribution l Dependency Ratio: # of people too old or young to work, compared to # of people in productive yrs. % of pop under 15 = % over 65 divided by % in between 15-65 multiplied by 100 Tells you how many dependents for every 100 workers Stage 2 countries: ratio is 1:1 (1 worker for every dependent) Dependents are young Stage 4 countries ratio is 2:1 (2 workers for every dependent) Dependents are young and old

23. Age Distribution – cont’d l Graying of the pop in MDCs – more than ¼ of all govn’t expenditures in US, Canada, Japan, and W. Eur goes to Social Security, health care, and other programs for the elderly l Baby Boomer Cohort in US (born 1946- 1964)…what does this mean for you? l Generation X = 1965-1980

24. What do you see? Why?

26. Population Pyramids in Transition

27. Each pyramid tells a story about the past, present & future of a country & its people.

28. Importance of Population Pyramids §Policy Planning ~ future housing estates ~ future schools ~ future jobs §Comparison with other countries ~ developed (US) vs developing (India)