2. Přenosy jader J. Fulka, Jr. CBTTN a VÚŽV Praha

3. Fertilization – transformation of meiotic cells into mitotic cells  Gametes – terminally differentiated and highly specialized  Genomes - (oocyte, sperm) transcriptionally inactive after fertilization One cell stage embryo is totipotent Fertilization represents RADICAL REPROGRAMMING OF BOTH GENOMES

4. A)Sheep B)Mouse C)Human D)Rabbit E)Bovine F) Pig G) Monkey

5. Mouse embryo Human embryo PB MPN FPN MPN 5-MeC

6. Human embryo

7. PB PN MPN FPN 49% of human 1-cell stage embryos showed abnormal demethylation pattern

8. 2PB FP MP

9. Wilmut, I et al. (1997) Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 385, 810-813

11. A B AB

15. Enukleace

16. Přenos jádra

23. What do we need??

24. Oct4Cdx2 DAPI merge

25. Nanog

26. Oct4DAPI

29. Differentiation βIII tubulin TROMA 1 DAPI MF20 + EB formation

35. Problém: 300 oocytů na jednu linii/ 20 – 30 dárkyň

37. Pacient ESc linie

38. Producing primate embryonic stem cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer Nature - doi:10.1038/nature06357 …. potřebujeme vůbec přenosy jader?

44. Děkuji za pozornost