1. TESLA Simple Machines 2010 Pulleys

2. The Big Idea of this Investigation A simple machine is a mechanical device that makes work easier by magnifying, modifying, transferring, or changing the direction of applied force. Simple machines are the elementary "building blocks" of which all complicated machines are made.

3. Knowledge We Will Build on From Prior Investigations Work = Distance X Force Force is a push or pull applied to an object. Friction is the number one enemy of simple machines. It increases the amount of force needed to do work. Wheels reduce the amount of friction between an object and the surface over which it moves. A wheel and axle can work together to magnify force and make work easier.

4. ENGAGING SCENARIO In our previous investigations we have discovered how simple machines can make work easier by modifying or magnifying the force applied to objects in order to complete a task. A pulley is another simple machine that we have not investigated that could help us raise objects to higher locations. In this investigation we need to find out if using a pulley to lift an object requires less force than just lifting the object by itself. What is the problem we need to solve? What do we need to investigate? In our previous investigations we have discovered how simple machines can make work easier by modifying or magnifying the force applied to objects in order to complete a task. A pulley is another simple machine that we have not investigated that could help us raise objects to higher locations. In this investigation we need to find out if using a pulley to lift an object requires less force than just lifting the object by itself. What is the problem we need to solve? What do we need to investigate? Discuss ideas with a partner for a possible focus question. Your focus question should be connected to what the scenario wants us to do…

5. Focus Question (What is the problem?) How can we determine if using a pulley to lift an object requires less force than just lifting the object by itself? Prediction (related to the focus question) Prediction: I predict that _______________ because____________ If _____________________Then___________________Prediction: I predict that _______________ because____________ If _____________________Then___________________ Previous Knowledge Share experiences with pulleys related to lifting objects. NOTEBOOK ENTRY

6. Class Predictions (related to the focus question)

7. New Vocabulary Pulley A wheel that rotates freely around an axle. The outer rim of most pulleys is grooved to move on a rope or chain. How does the fixed pulley and the moveable pulley change the direction of force applied in each of the models above? Fixed Pulley: A pulley is attached to one location and does not move. It is used to move a load up, down, or sideways. Moveable Pulley: A pulley that moves with the load along a rope or chain.

8. Preparing the Investigation What are we going to change What are we going to keep the same NOTEBOOK ENTRY Each group will be given a pulley, spring scale, string, fishing line, meter stick and a book to build your pulley system. The way we lift the object No Pulley Fixed Pulley Moveable Pulley The distance we lift the object The object we lift The Spring Scale

9. Collecting Data No Pulley Trial #Height (cm) ForceWork 1 2 3 Average  Fixed Pulley Trial #Height (cm) ForceWork 1 2 3 Average  Do you think the amount of force required to life the object will be the same with the fixed and moveable pulley? Moveable Pulley Trial #Height (cm) ForceWork 1 2 3 Average  NOTEBOOK ENTRY

10. Making Meaning Conference What is a mechanical advantage for using the fixed pulley? In which direction was force applied to lift the book: without the pulley? with the fixed pulley? with the moveable pulley? How would you compare the amount of force and work required to lift the book with these 3 methods? What is a mechanical advantage for using the moveable pulley? Would using a pulley to lift an object have other mechanical advantages not related to force and work?

11. Claims and Evidence I claim that…I claim this because… How can we determine if using a pulley to lift an object requires less force than just lifting the object by itself? NOTEBOOK ENTRY

12. Reflection/Conclusion Revisit your original prediction… Explain how the evidence did or did not support your original prediction? My prediction was accurate because….. I wish to revise my prediction because… What did you learn… What really surprised you… What new questions do you have… What would you like to know more about… NOTEBOOK ENTRY