1. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Headquarters U.S. Air Force Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazards Donald Teig HQ AFCESA/CEOA

2. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 15 January 2009 in the Hudson River AP photo US Airways Flight 1549

3. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

4. Objective Introduce you to basic BASH information so you have an understanding of potential wildlife hazards at your base.

5. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Overview Awareness Identifying the Problem Dealing With the Problem Engineer’s Role Safety’s Role

6. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 72,827 Wildlife Strikes $740,786,928 Damage 20 Year Average (86-06) - $35.0M, 3338 Strikes Statistics (1985 – 2006) Cost in millions Count

7. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e AIRFIELD 35,453 strikes (48%) $248,347,481 (32%) LOW-LEVEL / RANGE 10,364 strikes (14%) $490,693,694 (62%) OTHER 28,273 strikes (38%) $46,171,694 (6%) Statistics (1985 – 2006) Count Cost

8. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Statistics (1985 – 2006) Strikes Per Month Spring Migration Fall Migration

9. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Strikes By Altitude Strikes Altitude – Feet AGL ≤ 2000’ AGL, 92% ≤ 500’ AGL, 64% ≤ 1000’ AGL, 79%

10. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Strikes By Species (Count)

11. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Strikes By Species (Cost)

12. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Size Doesn’t Always Matter F-16 Target Pod White-Throated Swift BASH Examples

13. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e BASH Examples Damage to fan blades and canopy

14. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Props Don’t Necessarily Stop Engine Ingestions C-130 American Robin $495K Damage BASH Examples

15. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e BASH Examples Radome Damage

16. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Rotary Winged Aircraft Aren’t Immune US Marine Corps Cobra Golden Eagle BASH Examples

17. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e BASH Isn’t Just For The Birds White-tailed Deer BASH Examples

18. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Identifying the Problem Strike Reporting Wildlife Identifications Observations / Surveys Nighttime Hazards

19. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Wildlife Identifications OVER HALF OF ALL BIRD STRIKES ARE IDENTIFIED Feather Identification Red-tailed Hawks EXPERTS ARE AT THE SMITHSONIAN ACCESS TO OVER 650,000 SPECIMENS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION National Museum of Natural History

20. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Observations / Surveys Plot Potential Trouble Areas (on & off base) directly on a Geographic Information System (GIS) Map AOC FULL EXTENT Areas of Concern

21. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Non-migration Insectivores Owls Migration Passerines (Songbirds) Waterfowl Can be flying at fairly high altitudes Mammals Bats, deer, and coyote Wildlife Hazards To Night Flying Nighttime Hazards

22. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Dealing with the Problem Exclude / Mitigate Harass Depredate Avoid

23. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Exclude / Mitigate GRASS HEIGHT (7-14 inches) NO BARE AREAS ELIMINATE BROAD-LEAF PLANTS AVOID WEED SEED HEADS Ecosystem Management

24. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e MOW DURING LOW FLYING Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) Exclude / Mitigate

25. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e ELIMINATE STANDING WATER Maintain Good Airfield Drainage Exclude / Mitigate

26. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e DO NOT FEED THE WATERFOWL FENCE OR GRID SMALL PONDS Exclude / Mitigate

27. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Fencing Best Deterrent to Deer Exclude / Mitigate

28. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e REMOVE PERCHES Don’t Give Them a Reason to be There Exclude / Mitigate

29. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e MANAGE OUTLEASING WISELY - No Grain Crops Crops Around Your Airfield Exclude / Mitigate

30. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Harassment Tools Harass

31. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Be aware of other activities around the airfield when harassment activities are taking place Harass

32. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Depredation Use only after other methods have been employed Permits, Permits, Permits US Fish & Wildlife Service State Game Department When all else fails….. Depredate

33. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) Small Mobile Radar (SMR) Avoid Dealing

34. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e BAM Bird Avoidance Model Data Geographic Information System-based 30+ Years of Top 60 Species Web Based Dealing

35. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Small Mobile Radar Dealing

36. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e The Safety Office is responsible Cross-functional participation Safety (SE) Civil Engineering (CE) Judge Advocate General (JAG) Public Affairs (PA) Director of Operations (DO) Logistics (LG) BASH Problem

37. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Establish a BASH Plan Establish Bird Hazard Working Group, (BHWG) Establish procedures for wildlife control Develop a Bird Hazard Warning System Designate Phase I / II periods of bird activity Installation Safety Office: Safety Responsibilities

38. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e “Flight safety office will establish the BASH plan, defining the nature and extent of wildlife hazards and implementation of the plan” Living document Use Bird Hazard Working Group as forum for revising plan Responsibilities of each organization spelled out clearly BASH Plan Safety Responsibilities

39. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Bird Hazard Working Group Consists of organizations involved in airfield bird control, habitat management, operations, and safety Meet at least semi-annually Maintain minutes Vice wing commander chairs meetings Forum to discuss budgeting and all airfield projects and how they impact BASH Safety Responsibilities

40. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Safety Responsibilities Internal Manpower Which agency is responsible for harassment and/or depredation Equipment Contract Manpower US Department of Agriculture/Wildlife Services – depredation, harassment, surveys ….. Wildlife Control Airports are not Wildlife Refuges

41. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Flying one hour before and after dawn or dusk should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. The highest levels of bird activity normally occur during these hours as birds leave and return to their roost. Avoiding flight operations during these periods can significantly reduce the chance of a birdstrike. Sunrise/Sunset

42. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Vulture roost less than 2 nautical miles from the runway Other Solutions

43. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Other Solutions A Taxidermy Mount Of a Dead Vulture

44. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e AIR FORCE: Mr. Eugene LeBoeuf, DSN 246-5679 eugene.leboeuf@kirtland.af.mil NAVY: Mr. Matthew Klope, (360) 257-1468 matt.klope@navy.mil ARMY: Mr. Kevin Walter, (703) 805-3969 kevin.walter2@us.army.mil DoD BASH POC’s

45. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Advisory Circular 150/5200-33 FAA ADVISORY CIRCULAR: HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS ON OR NEAR AIRPORTS Federal Aviation Regulation Part 139, Sec. 139.337 CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS: LAND AIRPORTS SERVING CERTAIN AIR CARRIERS Certification Alert 97-02 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAA AND USDA/WILDLIFE SERVICES Certification Alert 97-05 GRASS ATTRACTIVE TO HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE Certification Alert 97-09 WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN OUTLINE FAA Guidance

46. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e  AFI 91-202 (Chapter 7.11) The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program 1 Aug 98  AFI 91-204 (Chapters 1.10.5.3 and 3.1) Safety Investigations and Reports (Bird Strike Reporting) 24 Sep 08  AFMAN 91-223 (Chapters 1.3, 1.3.1.9 and 5.4.2) Aviation Safety Investigations and Reports 6 Jul 04  AFPAM 91-212 Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Management Techniques 1 Feb 04  AFI 32-7064 Integrated Natural Resources Management 17 Sep 04  AFI 32-7061 Environmental Impact Analysis Process 2 Mar 03  AFI 13-213 Airfield Management 8 Dec 05  AFI 21-201 Management and Maintenance of Non-Nuclear Munitions 10 Feb 05 USAF Guidance

47. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e  OPNAVINST 5909.1B CH-3: Environmental and Natural Resources Program Manual  NAVFAC P-73 Procedural Manual, Volume II  OPNAVINST 3750.6R Chg 1: Naval Aviation Safety Program Navy Guidance

48. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e USAF BASH Team Web Site www.afsafety.af.mil/AFSC/Bash/home.html USAF BAM / AHAS Web Site www.usahas.com Federal Aviation Administration BASH Web Site www.wildlife-mitigation.tc.faa.gov/public_html/index.html References

49. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e QUESTIONS?