1. Native Habitat Restoration In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas Anthony D. Falk *Masters candidate, Texas A&M University Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Kingsville, TX. 78363 Forrest Smith Coordinator, South Texas Natives, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Kingsville, TX. 78363 Timothy Fulbright Regents Professor, Texas A&M University Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Kingsville, TX. 78363 Stephen Benn Urban Biologist, Texas Parks and Wildlife 154B Lakeview Dr. Weslaco, TX. 78596

2. Introduction Millions of acres lost to non-native species annually – Detrimental to wildlife With the costs of productive wildlife habitat ↑ there is an ↑ in the need for restoration

3. Goal Planting a diverse mix of locally adapted native species would produce a native prairie – Prevent invasion from non-native species Areas that were seeded would have higher species diversity and more suitable bunch grass clumps for nesting

5. Site Description Temperature averages 23 C 65 cm rain annually however highly variable Harlingen Clay South Texas Plains ecoregion Previously managed for White wing dove and Bobwhite quail agricultural production

6. Methods Control – Nothing done Prepared – trees removed, mowed, disked, moldboard plowed, disked, leveled Prepared and seeded – trees removed, mowed, disked, moldboard plowed, disked, leveled, seeded with a Truax™ seed drill and a tube spreader

7. Seed mix Seed mix made up of 31 locally adapted – Seeded according to NRCS rangeland guidelines 8:2 ratio of grasses to forbs Even distribution of succesional groups Developed to completely repopulate seed bank All land preparation and seeding was completed in March 2008

8. Vegetation Sampling 20 cm X 50 cm frame 1m belted transects Estimate suitable bunch grass clumps ≥25.4cm x ≥25.4cm

9. Statistical Analysis Experiment is a Randomized Complete block design with 4 blocks Analyzed using repeated measures analysis SAS 9.1 α ≤0.05 Independent variable – Treatment and Time Dependent variable – Cover

10. Results Establishment of 83% planted species Several species have increased – Slender Grama (Bouteloua repens) – Plain Bristle Grass (Setaria spp.) Establishment of several species that were ≤1% of the seed mix

11. Results Mean of 3,457suitable bunchgrass clumps/ha in seeded treatments 0 in control and prepared treatments

15. Discussion Without seed any disturbance will end up as a non-native community Little native seed bank – Nothing left to fill the void – Can not compete Creates simplified plant community

16. Discussion Planting a diverse mix of native species prevents non-native species from establishing A diverse mix competes with non-natives – Provides good early competition – Provides year round competition – Potentially fills all available

17. Falls within the published limits for quality nesting habitat – ≥730 nest clumps/ha Prepared and controls treatments have higher non-native species cover Only one part of the quail equation

18. Conclusions Are able to get native species established Increase the species richness Planting appears to prevent invasion Able to produce suitable nesting habitat

19. For The Future Continued monitoring of this project Adding management – Herbicide – Grazing – Burning

20. Acknowledgements Texas Parks and Wildlife South Texas Natives South Texas Chapter Quail Unlimited Everyone that helped with data collection Coauthors and committee members

21. Questions ?