1. To broadcast or not to broadcast?

2. How structure call-broadcast? all surveys broadcast same suite of species all surveys broadcast same suite of species 6 pre-defined suites of species 6 pre-defined suites of species all surveys broadcast 5 species all surveys broadcast 5 species all surveys include 5 min of broadcast all surveys include 5 min of broadcast 1-13 spp in broadcast, survey duration varies 1-13 spp in broadcast, survey duration varies

3. Species Responded During: Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA AMCO KIRA1 1 VIRA 1 BLRA 1 Species Responded During: Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 LEBI SORA VIRA COMO LEBI 1 VIRA 1 1 1 11-minsurveyinLA 9-minsurveyinMO Maximize analytical capabilities of pooled data

4. Merge data to the extent possible Site Species Responded During: Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA COMO AMCO LA KIRA1 1 LA VIRA 1 LA BLRA 1 MO LEBI 1 MO VIRA 1 MO VIRA 1 1

5. Compare first 9 min of each survey Site Species Responded During: Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA COMO AMCO LA KIRA1 1 LA VIRA 1 LA BLRA 1 MO LEBI 1 MO VIRA 1 MO VIRA 1 1

6. Site Species Responded During: Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA COMO AMCO LA KIRA1 1 LA VIRA 1 LA BLRA 1 MO LEBI 1 MO VIRA 1 MO VIRA 1 1 Compare 8 min of similar survey effort

7. Site Species Responded During: Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA COMO AMCO LA KIRA1 1 LA VIRA 1 LA BLRA 1 MO LEBI 1 MO VIRA 1 MO VIRA 1 1 Compare 5 min passive survey only

8. Detection probability may change with marsh succession

9. Detection probability may change following wetland mgmt actions

10. population density plant communities nesting stage Detection probability likely varies spatially

11. Site Species Responded During: Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA COMO AMCO LA KIRA1000000010 0 LA VIRA00000000001 LA BLRA0000010000 0 MO LEBI00000 001 0 MO VIRA00000 0 1 0 0 MO VIRA00100 000 1 Capture-recapture models to estimate vocalization probability

12. Species Responded During: Call Type Repeat Distance (m) Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA AMCO LEBI 1 1 coo CLRA 1 1 kek AMBI s Species Responded During: Call Type Repeat Distance (m) Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 LEBI SORA VIRA COMO LEBI 1 1 coo LEBI 1 1 kak CLRA 1 1 purr 2001observer#1 2006observer#2 Call types help reduce observer bias

13. Call types can help explain temporal or spatial differences in # counted

14. Species Responded During: Call Types Repeat Distance (m) Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA AMCO BLRA 1 1 kkrr N80 BLRA 1 1 grr N30 PBGR 1 owhoop N230 observer#1 observer#2 Species Responded During: Call Types Repeat Distance (m) Pass 1Pass 2Pass 3Pass 4Pass 5 BLRA LEBI SORA VIRAKIRA AMCO BLRA 1 1 kkrr Y80 BLRA 1 1 grr Y30 PBGR 1 owhoop Y230 Recording repeats reduces observer bias

15. Was bird detected at previous point? - local (50m) vs regional (400m) needs - local (50m) vs regional (400m) needs Was bird detected at previous point? - local (50m) vs regional (400m) needs - local (50m) vs regional (400m) needs

16. Multiple-observer surveys allow estimation of observer bias - call type - distance - one line per bird Multiple-observer surveys allow estimation of observer bias - call type - distance - one line per bird

17. Spp recorded at all sites Spp recorded at all sites Spp recorded at all sites but calls not broadcast Spp recorded at all sites but calls not broadcast Spp recorded at all sites but not 1 indiv per line Spp recorded at all sites but not 1 indiv per line Spp that some sites record, some do not Spp that some sites record, some do not

19. 190 sites in 51 states/provinces 104 different broadcast sequences ~150,000 detections 3-day training workshops

20. Additional passive period at end Additional passive period at end 3 counts per point per year 3 counts per point per year - variation in spp breeding dates - high daily variation in detection - many end up with 1-2 counts - still know very little about rare spp Additional passive period at end Additional passive period at end 3 counts per point per year 3 counts per point per year - variation in spp breeding dates - high daily variation in detection - many end up with 1-2 counts - still know very little about rare spp

21. Where to place survey points? - water edge - upland edge - interior Where to place survey points? - water edge - upland edge - interior

22. Surveying interior marshes would be disruptive in some regions

23. Record location of survey point - water edge - upland edge - interior Record location of survey point - water edge - upland edge - interior