1. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge To drill or not to drill? Lauren Elmegreen ESP Seminar 10/13/05

2. Geological Impacts Flooding Flooding Thermokarst Thermokarst Thawing of ground ice Thawing of ground ice Results in depressions that fill with water to create lakes, causing more warming Results in depressions that fill with water to create lakes, causing more warming http://www.beringia.com/climate/content/permafrost.shtml

3. Caribou http://arctic.fws.gov/caribou.htm

4. Cameron, R. D. et al, Arctic, 58.1 (2005): 1(9)

5. http://arctic.fws.gov/caribou.htm

6. How much oil is there? Mean estimate: 7.8 billion barrels Mean estimate: 7.8 billion barrels In 12 years, we would get 1 million barrels per day (mbd) In 12 years, we would get 1 million barrels per day (mbd) In 18 years, we would reach a maximum of 1.3 mbd In 18 years, we would reach a maximum of 1.3 mbd In 23 years, we would get less than 1 mbd In 23 years, we would get less than 1 mbd

7. Cleveland, C. J. and R. K. Kaufman. 2003. Energy Policy (31): 485 - 489. Cleveland, C. J. and R. K. Kaufman. 2003. Energy Policy (31): 485 - 489. But, still in economic interest of oil companies…

8. Fingerprint The bill states the need to “ The bill states the need to “ ensure that the maximum amount of surface acreage covered by production and support facilities, including airstrips and any areas covered by gravel berms or piers for the support of pipelines, does not exceed 2,000 acres on the Coastal Plain” http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/crs_anwr.shtml http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/crs_anwr.shtml http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/crs_anwr.shtml http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/crs_anwr.shtml

9. However… 2000 acres does not include roads 2000 acres does not include roads The 2000 acres do not have to be contiguous The 2000 acres do not have to be contiguous 100,000 acres of Native lands in the area are not included 100,000 acres of Native lands in the area are not included

10. Summary Drilling could impact the geology of ANWR Drilling could impact the geology of ANWR Wildlife such as caribou could be harmed Wildlife such as caribou could be harmed ANWR oil production would not make a big difference to our economy ANWR oil production would not make a big difference to our economy The 2000 acre fingerprint that is often cited is misleading The 2000 acre fingerprint that is often cited is misleading

11. References Cameron, R. D., W. T. Smith, R. G. White and B. Griffith. 2005. Central Arctic caribou and petroleum development: distributional, nutritional, and reproductive implications. Arctic (58): 1-9. Cameron, R. D., W. T. Smith, R. G. White and B. Griffith. 2005. Central Arctic caribou and petroleum development: distributional, nutritional, and reproductive implications. Arctic (58): 1-9. Cleveland, Cutler J. and Robert K. Kaufman. 2003. Oil supply and oil politics: Deja Vu all over again. Energy Policy (31): 485 - 489. Cleveland, Cutler J. and Robert K. Kaufman. 2003. Oil supply and oil politics: Deja Vu all over again. Energy Policy (31): 485 - 489. Walker, D. A. et al. 1987. Cumulative impacts of oil fields on Northern Alaskan landscapes. Science (238): 757-761. Walker, D. A. et al. 1987. Cumulative impacts of oil fields on Northern Alaskan landscapes. Science (238): 757-761. The Policy Almanac: http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/crs_anwr.shtml The Policy Almanac: http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/crs_anwr.shtml http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/crs_anwr.shtml Defenders of Wildlife: http://www.savearcticrefuge.org/ Defenders of Wildlife: http://www.savearcticrefuge.org/http://www.savearcticrefuge.org/ US Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska: http://arctic.fws.gov/ US Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska: http://arctic.fws.gov/http://arctic.fws.gov/

12. Brant and Snow Geese http://www.astronomy-images.com/day-images/California/Birds/brant-geese.htm