1. Powerty as a market opportunity In economics, the bottom of the pyramid is the largest, but poorest socio-economic group. In global terms, this is the 2.5 billion people who live on less than $2.50 per day.[1] The phrase “bottom of the pyramid” is used in particular by people developing new models of doing business that deliberately target that demographic, often using new technology. This field is also often referred to as the "Base of the Pyramid" or just the "BoP". socio-economic group[1] Several books and journal articles have been written on the potential market by members of business schools offering consultancy on the burgeoning market. They include The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C.K. Prahalad of the University of Michigan, Capitalism at the Crossroads by Stuart L. Hart of Cornell University and the first empirical article, Reinventing strategies for emerging markets: Beyond the transnational model, by Ted London of the University of Michigan and Hart. London has also developed a working paper, commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme, that explores the contributions of the BoP literature to the poverty alleviation domain.The Fortune at the Bottom of the PyramidC.K. PrahaladUniversity of MichiganStuart L. HartCornell UniversityReinventing strategies for emerging markets: Beyond the transnational modelTed LondonUniversity of Michigan

2. Prahalad proposes that businesses, governments, and donor agencies stop thinking of the poor as victims and instead start seeing them as resilient and creative entrepreneurs as well as value-demanding consumers. He proposes that there are tremendous benefits to multi-national companies who choose to serve these markets in ways responsive to their needs. After all the poor of today are the middle-class of tomorrow. There are also poverty reducing benefits if multi-nationals work with civil society organizations and local governments to create new local business models.middle-classpovertycivil society

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5. Practical examples I. Microcredit One example of "bottom of the pyramid" is the growing microcredit market in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh. With technology being steadily cheaper and more ubiquitous, it is becoming economically efficient to "lend tiny amounts of money to people with even tinier assets". An Indian banking report argues that the microfinance network (called "Sa-Dhan" in India) "helps the poor" and "allows banks to 'increase their business'".[6] microcredit Bangladesh[6] Market-specific products One of many examples of products that are designed with needs of the very poor in mind is that of a shampoo that works best with cold water and is sold in small packets to reduce barriers of upfront costs for the poor. Such a product is marketed by Hindustan UNILever.

6. Practical examples II. Venture capital Whereas Prahalad originally focussed on corporations for developing BoP products and entering BoPmarkets, it is believed by many that SME might even play a bigger role. For LPs, this offers an opportunity to enter new venture capital markets. Although several social venture funds are already active, true VC funds are now emerging. Business and community partnerships As Fortune reported on November 15, 2006, since 2005 the SC Johnson Company has been partnering with youth groups in the Kibera slum of Nairobi, Kenya. Together SC Johnson and the groups have created a community-based waste management and cleaning company, providing home-cleaning, insect treatment, and waste disposal services for residents of the slum. SC Johnson's project was the first implementation of the Base of the Pyramid Protocol.SC Johnson Company KiberaNairobiKenyaBase of the Pyramid Protocol

7. Grameen Danone Foods opens plant in Bangladesh Nutrition-rich yogurts for children in Bangladesh Inaugurated by French football start Zinedine Zidane Initial price has been set with a view to being affortable to low-income groups Over 1000 women will sell the products locally, generating additional income for their families and by sourcing raw materials and marketing