1. Hydrokinetic Energy for Municipalities & Public Works Joseph Sweet Connecticut Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation University of Connecticut 2

2. Technology Generate renewable energy from either low flow or high flow environments Generate renewable energy from either low flow or high flow environments Low-impact: does not require damming, pressurizing or diversion Low-impact: does not require damming, pressurizing or diversion Can withstand harsh environments Can withstand harsh environments 2

3. Key Benefits Reliable, renewable energy at a low fixed cost Reliable, renewable energy at a low fixed cost Reduced harm to the environment Reduced harm to the environment Energy diversification Energy diversification 2

4. Comparative Benefits to Other Renewables Less NIMBY concerns – out of sight, low impact Less NIMBY concerns – out of sight, low impact Higher reliability – 80 to 95% uptime Higher reliability – 80 to 95% uptime Integrates with existing infrastructure Integrates with existing infrastructure No harm to environment or wildlife No harm to environment or wildlife 2

5. Comparative Benefits to Other Renewables 2 System requirements to generate 10kW 10kW provides annual energy needs for 8 – 10 US homes

6. Unit Perspective 2 10kW provides annual energy needs for 8 – 10 US homes

7. Utilizable Resources Pre-existing dams Pre-existing dams Waste water treatment plants Waste water treatment plants Man-made conduits and water diversion systems Man-made conduits and water diversion systems 2

8. Statistical Summary Interest Level 2 Facility Type Consideration of Renewables Has Adopted Renewables Wastewater Treatment66%22% Aqueducts93%3% Irrigation87%16% Dams84%13%

9. Statistical Summary Considerations 2 Primary Considerations of Public Works % of Respondents Cost89% Ease of Integration84%

10. Statistical Summary Developer Considerations 2 Primary considerations for developers Public Resource Facilities Higher payback periodGreater than 5 years Regulatory easeLeast restrictive Installation DifficultyPre-existing infrastructure

11. Political Shift Cap & Trade is considered dead Cap & Trade is considered dead Renewable energy and green jobs is still a concern Renewable energy and green jobs is still a concern Republicans tend to be more hydro friendly Republicans tend to be more hydro friendly 2

12. Political Shift Hydropower Improvement Act Hydropower Improvement Act  Increase capacity by up to 75,000 MW  FERC Streamlining  Increased financial incentives Hydropower Renewable Energy Development Act Hydropower Renewable Energy Development Act  Production Tax Credits (PTC)  Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs) Small Scale Hydropower Development Act Small Scale Hydropower Development Act  Outright full exemption if below 1.5 MW 2

13. Project Financing Upfront purchase is typically $50k/unit Upfront purchase is typically $50k/unit $0.07 to $0.09 per kWh PPA $0.07 to $0.09 per kWh PPA Leasing + Royalty ($0.02/kWh + upfront cost) Leasing + Royalty ($0.02/kWh + upfront cost) Government subsidies and grants (50% on average) (http://www.dsireusa.org/) Government subsidies and grants (50% on average) (http://www.dsireusa.org/) 2

14. Financial Benefits Low fixed priced energy Low fixed priced energy Renewable Energy Credits Renewable Energy Credits Potential revenue source Potential revenue source 2

15. Key Players eGen of CT (www.egenhydro.com) eGen of CT (www.egenhydro.com) Rentricity of NY (www.rentricity.com) Rentricity of NY (www.rentricity.com) Hydrovolts of WA (www.hydrovolts.com) Hydrovolts of WA (www.hydrovolts.com) 2

16. Demo 2

17. Thank You Questions & Answers 2