1. Development of the Electrical Power System in the Northwest Dependence on hydropower - Atlas p. 101 Early non-federal projects - Skagit, Elwha Federal programs: Columbia/Snake R. – rural electrification – job creation – Columbia Basin Project – Bonneville Power Act - 1937 – role of BPA vs. BuRec or COE – the BPA preference clause - (1) public utilities, (2) private utilities, (3) DSI’s

2. Public Investor Owned Systems

3. Hydro System Principles & Development Annual water runoff probabilities “Critical water” Storage dams w/winter peak snowpack Canadian Storage Agreement Demand forecasts - PNUCC, BPA B:C Analysis & Congressional Support 1940’s through 1960’s Role of the Aluminum Industry & DSI’s.

6. An Historic Drawing of Dam Elevations on the Columbia / Snake Hanford Reach

8. Source: Hyde, p. 10

10. 1994 Firm Power Demand Source: NWPPC 4th Electric Power Plan, Appendix D

11. Firm & Non-Firm Electricity Sales Source: NWPPC 4th Electric Power Plan, Appendix D

12. Seasonal Load Patterns, 1995 Source: NWPPC 4th Electric Power Plan, Appendix D

13. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan, Appendix C

14. Source: NWPCC 6 th Power Plan, Appendix C

15. Source: NPPC 5th Northwest Electric Power and Conservation Plan, Demand Forecast Appendix

16. Typical Winter and Summer Weekday Load Shapes Source: NWPPC 4th Electric Power Plan, Appendix D

19. Evolution of Planning PNUCC method of forecasting WEC lawsuit City Light Energy 1990 Study BPA studies vs. NRDC forecast Collapse of WPPSS projects - bond defaults in the wake of new forecasts Congress creates the NWPPC (Now NPCC) NPCC reliance on conservation

21. The Hydro-Thermal Program Exhaustion of hydro sites by the late 1960’s The Northwest-Southwest Intertie Concept of the hydro-thermal program Washington Public Power Supply System 0r WPPSS BPA Notice of Insufficiency Impact of hydro-thermal system on river flows; fisheries/environmentalist lawsuits

23. BPA vs. NRDC Forecast

25. The Intertie Connections Were Justified On Grounds Related to Seasonal Complementary Demands in California And the Northwest: Winter space heating Demands in the PNW, Summer air conditioning Demands in California

26. Source: Draft 6 th PWPCC Power Plan, Appendix C

27. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan, Appendix C

28. Forecast Demand Growth Compared to Long-term Historical Trends Source: NWPPC Draft 4th Electric Power Plan, Appendix D

29. Source: PWPCC Draft 6 th Power Plan, Appendix C

30. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan, Chapter 1

32. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan

33. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan, Chapter 3

34. Source: NWPCC Draft 6 th Northwest Power Plan, Chapter 3

35. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan, Chapter 4

36. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan

37. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan, Chapter 1

38. Source: NWPCC 6 th Northwest Power Plan, Chapter 2 RPS – Renewable Resource Portfolio Standard

39. An updated electricity demand forecast from PNPCC

40. This figure is from the NWPCC midterm assessment of the 6 th Plan Much wind power is exported to California NWPCC expects slower growth in these exports as photovoltaics are used to meet the California renewable resource requirement

41. Other Issues Firm versus Interruptible Power Traditional long-term sales contracts versus “spot markets” Alternative energy sources: –wind, solar, wood Deregulation & multi-source competition NPCC options approach Fish versus power

42. Old Slides The following slides are not for use in class They are kept for reference purposes only

44. Source: NPPC 5th Northwest Electric Power and Conservation Plan, Demand Forecast Appendix