1. The Pacific Northwest

2. Physical Geography Topography –The Coast Ranges-Oregon and Washington Reach elevations of 4,000 feet Responsible for the rain shadow effect –Further inland, rugged Cascades Extend north into British Columbia Merge with the Insular Mountains = Coast Mountains

3. Volcanism

4. Crater Lake, OR

5. Physical Geography Mt. McKinley: the region's northern extremity –20,320 feet in elevation The St. Elias Mountains in Canada are the world's highest coastal mountains –Mt. Logan = 19,700 feet!

6. Physical Geography Climate –Heaviest annual precipitation on continent! –Average precipitation >75 inches/year West = ~150 inches/year Parts of Vancouver Island ~ 230 inches/year –Winter precipitation > summer –Microclimates, but Maritime (Cfb & Cfc) dominate

9. Historical Settlement Native Americans –Pre-European population = large –Based on a simple hunting and gathering economy –Large concentrations along the coast and coastal valleys –The Puyallups are one of the few remaining tribes

11. Historical Settlement Early Europeans –Russians 1 st ! Initially during late 1700s; Mainly fur-trading posts –1846: US/Canadian boundary @ 49  North Post 1846 –Alaska purchased from Russia (1867) for $7.2 million –Railroads –Asian –Latinos

12. Primary Sector Activities Most crops grown for local markets Production areas: Willamette Valley, Puget Sound Lowlands, Yakima and Wenatchee Valley, Hill Country Willamette River and Valley

14. Forestry British Columbia = 45% of Canada's timber CA, OR, WA = ~50% of US timber First major industry, but not nationally important until the early 1900s “Selective cutting,” “shelterwood cutting,” and “clear cutting” –Redwood National Park, 1960s, for preservationists Japan = major market

15. Power and Dams High precipitation and rugged topography = great hydroelectric potential Rivers in OR & WA = > 40% of the US’s hydroelectric potential Columbia River dam: greatest power generating potential Grand Coulee = largest Cheap power attracts heavy power-using industries to the region No dams are permitted in Hell’s Canyon (along Snake River gorge)

16. Tertiary & Quaternary Sectors Services, tourism, and high-technology industry buttress Primary & Secondary sectors –Microsoft –Starbucks –Boeing Places in the Pacific Northwest –Vancouver, BC –Seattle, WA –Portland, OR Alaska –Next lecture!

17. Vancouver, BC Seattle, WA from Space Needle Portland, OR and Mt. Hood

18. Final Thoughts…

19. Readings & Resource Anderson, Kay J. 1987. “The Idea of Chinatown: The Power of Place and Institutional Practice in the Making of a Racial Category,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77: 580– 598. –A great sense of place article based in Western Canada’s largest city. Ley, David. 1999. “Myths and Meanings of Immigration and the Metropolis,” Canadian Geographer 43:2–18. –David does a brilliant job assessing and analyzing immigration as only a geographer could. Presentation: David Fronander, Biogeographer. Salmon and the Pacific Northwest.

20. Discussion Given its relative isolation from the rest of the country, how does the Pacific Northwest continue to thrive? Is this an exclusive behavior? How does Oregon’s motto, Alis Volat Propiis (She Flies with Her Own Wings) reflect the region’s sense of place?

21. Related Books Ashbaugh, James G., ed. 1997. The Pacific Northwest: Geographical Perspectives. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company. Meinig, D.W. 1968. The Great Columbian Plain: A Historical Geography, 1805–1910. Seattle: University of Washington Press. –Regional geography doesn’t get much better than Meinig.

22. WebSources Earthquake and Geologic Hazard Information: –Oregon and Washington http://www.pnsn.org/welcome.html –Alaska http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/Seis/recenteqs/ –Interactive Real-time Earthquakes! http://www.lerdorf.com/php/ymap/yquakes.php Cascadia Times Newspaper http://www.times.org/aboutct.htm Pacific Northwest Outdoor Recreation http://www.nps.gov/ccso/oric.htm City of Vancouver, Canada http://vancouver.ca/