1. Native American Nations SS4H1 The student will describe how early Native American cultures developed in North America. a. Locate where the Native Americans settled with emphasis on Arctic (Inuit), Northwest (Kwakiutl), Plateau (Nez Perce), Southwest (Hopi), Plains (Pawnee), and Southeastern (Seminole). b. Describe how the Native Americans used their environment to obtain food, clothing, and shelter.

2. Six Regions of Native Americans  Arctic  Plateau  Pacific Northwest  Plains  Southwest  Southeastern

3. Six Native American Tribes  Inuit (Arctic)  Nez Perce (Plateau)  Kwakiutl (Pacific Northwest)  Pawnee (Plains)  Hopi (Southwest)  Seminole (Southeast)

4. United States Map Georgi a

5. Native American Regions

6. Southeastern

7. Southeastern Seminole  Location: Florida  Climate: Humid; subtropical  Clothing: Long, light weight clothing (cloth)  Type of housing: Chickee  Food: Corns, beans, squash, wild game  Interesting fact: The Seminoles were formed by American Indians from other tribes. Runaway slaves would often go to Florida and join the Seminole tribe.

8. Chickee

9. Seminole Clothing

10. Seminole clothing

12. Plains

13. Plains - Pawnee  Location: Midwest (Nebraska)  Climate: Hot in the summer; cold in the winter (continental)  Clothing: Cloth and skins  Food: Buffalo, corn (maize), squash  Type of housing: Earth lodge; tepees for buffalo hunts  Interesting Fact: Plains Indians are most often known for hunting buffalo. However, horses were not introduced to North America until the Europeans. The Pawnee tribe remained agricultural, even though they began using horses to hunt buffalo.

14. Pawnee clothing

15. Pawnee robe

16. Pawnee Earth Lodge

18. Diorama of Pawnee Earth Lodge

20. Inside Pawnee Earth Lodge

22. Firepit

23. Buffalo Hunt

24. Buffalo (American Bison)

25. Southwest

26. Southwest - Hopi  Location: Southwest – Arizona, Nevada, California  Climate: Desert – dry and sandy  Clothing: Woven cotton and wool  Food: Corn, squash, peppers, onions  Type of housing: Pueblos (houses made of adobe)  Interesting Fact: The Hopi men had a special room for meeting, rituals, and ceremonies called a ‘kiva.’

27. Pueblo

28. Mesa Verde

29. Hopi clothing

30. Hopi basket and pot

31. Hopi blanket

32. Plateau

33. Plateau – Nez Perce  Location: Inland Northwest – Oregon, Washington, Idaho  Climate: Wet, rainy woods; cold winters  Clothing: Buckskin  Food: Salmon, small game  Type of housing: Permanent pithouses in winter; lodges or teepees in summer (for hunting)  Interesting fact: The Nez Perce are actually misnamed – Nez Perce means “pierced nose”, but they actually never used piercings. They were mistaken for another tribe.

34. Nez Perce Clothing

35. Nez Perce Weavings

36. Pithouse

37. Pithouse diagram

38. Nez Perce teepee

39. Pacific Northwest

40. Pacific Northwest - Kwakiutl  Location: Pacific Northwest coast – Washington and Canada  Climate: Wet and rainy; ‘rainforests’  Clothing: Bark, roots, and goat hair  Food: Fish, sea mammals, clams, small game, berries, roots  Type of housing: Cedar plank houses located on the coast of the ocean and rivers  Interesting Fact: The Kwakiutl tribe traded with other tribes and would use large dugout canoes as transportation. Their war canoes could be up to sixty feet long.

41. Columbia River Coast

42. Kwakiutl Clothing

43. Kwakiutl House and Totem Poles

44. Kwakiutl Canoe

45. Kwakiutl Village

46. Totem Poles

48. Arctic

49. Arctic - Inuit  Location: Alaska and Canada  Climate: Cold, icy  Clothing: Sealskin and caribou skin  Food: Sea and land mammals – whales, seals, caribou  Type of housing: Permanent earth and stone pithouses; igloos during the summer  Interesting fact: People today still use the Inuit designed kayak. The original kayaks were covered by sealskin and are extremely buoyant.

50. Inuit pithouse

51. Pithouse Entrance

53. Inuit Igloo

54. Inuit Clothing