1. Unit 4: The Early Republic

2. In this Unit… Chapter 9: Launching a New Republic
Chapter 10: The Jefferson Era
Chapter 11: National and Regional Growth

3. Chapter 9: Launching a New Republic
Lesson 1: Washington’s Presidency

4. Essential Question
What traditions and tensions first appeared in the early years of the new country?

5. Vocabulary John Jay: first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
Cabinet: group of executive department heads that serve as the president’s chief advisors
Inaugurate: to formally swear in or induct into office
Precedent: an example that becomes standard practice
Tariff: tax on imported goods

6. What were some challenges faced by George Washington?
Key Question
What were some challenges faced by George Washington?

7. Washington’s New Government
First presidential election was held in 1789
Washington was elected
The runner-up John Adams became vice-president
Inauguration took place in New York City, the capital
Every action set a precedent
“His Excellency” vs. “Mr. President”

8. Assembling a Cabinet
Needed to create departments to help run the country
State
Treasury
War
Justice
Postal Service
Heads of these departments are chosen by president
Called the cabinet

9. The Nation’s Finances WAR DEBTS HAMILTON’S PROPOSALS
Other countries: Spain, Netherlands, France
Citizens
Soldiers
By $52 million
Other countries wouldn’t do business with a country who did not pay off debts
HAMILTON’S PROPOSALS
Pay off all war debt
Raise government income and profits
Create a national bank

10. Building a Strong Government
TARIFFS
Taxes on imports
Encourages national business
Increased income
NATIONAL BANK
Kept money in a safe location
Could give loans
Could issue money

11. What were some challenges faced by George Washington?
Key Question
What were some challenges faced by George Washington?

12. Chapter 9: Launching a New Republic
Lesson 2: Challenges to the New Government

13. Vocabulary
Battle of Fallen Timbers: 1794 battle between Native Americans and American forces
Treaty of Greenville: 1795 treaty in which 12 Native American tribes ceded control of much of Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. government
Whiskey Rebellion: 1794 protest against the government’s tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers
Jay’s Treaty: Agreement that ended the dispute with Britain over American shipping during the French Revolution
Pinckney’s Treaty: 1795 treaty with Spain allowing U.S. commercial use of the Mississippi River

14. How did Washington establish authority at home and avoid wars abroad?
Key Question
How did Washington establish authority at home and avoid wars abroad?

15. Problems at Home Nation needed peace
Trouble between Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River
Spain, Britain, the U.S. and Native Americans all claimed land
Battles in the Northwest Territory
August 20, 1794
2,000 Native Americans meet 1,000 American troops
In Ohio
Native Americans were defeated
Called the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Native Americans knew they had lost the Northwest Territory
12 troops signed the Treaty of Greenville that gave up their land to the U.S.

16. Problems at Home Washington put a tax on whiskey Farmers were furious
1794 Whiskey Rebellion occurred
Pennsylvania
13,000 soldiers put down the rebellion
Rebels fled
Proved Washington could enforce laws

17. Problems Abroad America was still very involved with Europe
Events in Europe had effects in America
FRENCH REVOLUTION
1789
Financial problems led to rebellions
People wanted freedom and equality like America
Executed the king and queen
Britain, Holland, and Spain joined the war against the revolution
What should the U.S. do?
France had helped during our revolution
Britain was America’s best trading partner
U.S. remained neutral
Britain began to seize cargo from American ships

18. Problems Abroad Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty
Britain agreed to pay damages from cargo ships
Britain left the Ohio River Valley but still kept its fur trade in America
Many frontier settlers were angry
Pinckney’s Treaty
Americans could use Mississippi River
U.S. goods could be stored in New Orleans
U.S. and Spain agreed on a border for Florida
Americans began to feel safer because issues abroad were being taken care of

19. How did Washington establish authority at home and avoid wars abroad?
Key Question
How did Washington establish authority at home and avoid wars abroad?

20. Chapter 9: Launching a New Republic
Lesson 3: The Federalists in Charge

21. Vocabulary John Adams: Second President of the United States
Alien and Sedition Acts: Series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants
States’ rights: Idea that the states have certain rights that the federal government cannot overrule
Nullification: idea that a state could cancel a federal law within a state
Foreign Policy: Relations with the governments of other nations
Political Party: Group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government
Aliens: Immigrants who are not yet citizens
Sedition: Stirring up rebellion against a government

22. How did Federalists dominate politics under President John Adams?
Key Question
How did Federalists dominate politics under President John Adams?

23. Washington Retires
Washington decided that 8 years in office (2 terms) was enough
As President, Washington tried to promote national unity
Many criticized his decision to remain neutral in the French Revolution
Washington’s Final Concerns
Dealt with foreign policy
Advised nation to remain neutral and avoid permanent alliances
Cautioned against letting political differences divide the nation
At the end of Washington’s terms, Americans were very divided
Strong Central Government vs. Weak Central Government

24. Growth of Political Parties
Differences led to creation of political parties
Thomas Jefferson and John Madison led the Democratic-Republican Party
Emphasis on democracy and republican system
Limited power of national government
Strict interpretation
Farmers and workers supported this party
Today is the Democratic Party
Alexander Hamilton led the Federalist Party
Belief in Strong National Government
Loose interpretation
Merchants and manufacturers supported this party
Based off of the supporters of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution

25. John Adams’s Administration
Adams chosen as 2nd president
Jefferson became VP
Issues with France
Washington left with strong tensions
France seized and harassed over 300 US ships

26. Alien and Sedition Acts
New immigrants often supported Democratic-Republican party
Congress was dominated by Federalists
Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts
For immigrants that weren’t citizens yet
Could not get citizenship for 5-14 years
President could arrest or deport any suspicious immigrants during wartime
Sedition: stirring up rebellion against a government
This was also outlawed

27. Peace with France Adams opened talks up with France again
Agreed to stop all naval attacks
All ships could sail in peace

28. How did Federalists dominate politics under President John Adams?
Key Question
How did Federalists dominate politics under President John Adams?