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ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY

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Presentation on theme: "ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY"— Presentation transcript:

1 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
Semiconductor Devices II Transistors have revolutionized Electronics and our way of life. Before transistors, computers were bulky, expensive, slow and highly un-reliable.

2 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
Semiconductor Devices II Transistors have revolutionized Electronics and our way of life. Before transistors, computers were bulky, expensive, slow and highly un-reliable.

3 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
Semiconductor Devices II Transistors are a semiconductor device similar to diodes

4 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
Semiconductor Devices II Transistors Transistor Biasing

5 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Objective In this section we will learn: configuration of the transistor, Its usefulness Its operating characteristics Home

6 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Configuration Transistors have two junctions instead of one as the case with a junction diode. P N P N Diode Transistor Home

7 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Configuration Transistors Symbol is illustrated below. The identifier is Q N P N Home

8 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Configuration Transistors Symbol is illustrated below. The identifier is Q. (Negative-Positive-Negative and Positive-Negative-Positive) Collector Collector Base Base Emitter Emitter NPN PNP Home

9 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Configuration NPN Transistors have the arrow pointing outward from the base. (Note: Never Points iN) Collector Collector Base Base Emitter Emitter NPN PNP Home

10 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Configuration PNP Transistors have the arrow toward the base. Collector Collector Base Base Emitter Emitter NPN PNP Home

11 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Configuration The emitter is heavily doped and allows for electron flow in the semiconductor (notated by the arrow) Collector Base Emitter NPN Home

12 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Configuration The base is thin and is lightly doped. This configuration allows for electron flow from Emitter to collector. Collector Base Emitter NPN Home

13 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Configuration The collector is moderately doped and is the largest of the three. This allows for more heat loss. Collector Base Emitter NPN Home

14 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Identification The identification standard is similar to the standard used on diodes. Transistor Semiconductor Part Number 2N2222 NPN Home

15 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Pin layout The leads of a TO5 package are always configured as shown below… B E C NPN (bottom side) Home

16 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Pin layout The leads of a TO-92 package are always configured as shown below… B C E NPN (bottom side) Home

17 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors
Pin layout Power Transistors (type TO-3) are different. The collector is the case E B Collector (bottom side) (Side view) Home

18 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistors Biasing
Objective Understand the biasing of a transistor Define Cutoff and Saturation Define fixed, self and combinational biasing Home

19 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
In order for a transistor to function as an amplifier, the BE junction must be forward biased. Home

20 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
A minimum voltage VBE of .7 volts must be applied to forward bias the junction BE. VBE Home

21 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
In order for a transistor to work properly as an amplifier, the Collector Base (CB) junction must be reversed biased. Home

22 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
VBC must have a voltage level greater than VBE. VBC Home

23 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
When VBC < VBE and reverse biased, current is forced to flow as illustrated. +++ N +++ P - N - - - Home

24 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
Since the base material is very small compared to the collector, only a small amount of Current flows through IB. +++ N +++ P - N - - - Home

25 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
With this information, IC=IB+IE. +++ N +++ P - N - - - Home

26 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
Once the EB junction is forward biased and CB is reversed biased, Current will flow through the Transistor. Home

27 ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY Transistor Biasing
Keep in mind the base is thin and lightly doped. Therefore little current flows through the base. Most of the current flows through the collector. Home

28 End of Presentation Home

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