1. Unit III Nationalism, Sectionalism, & the Era of Good Feelings

2.  What is NATIONALISM?  First, let’s define NATION.  A large group of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, living in a particular area.  NATIONALISM is extreme loyalty or devotion to your nation (right or wrong).  Why was nationalism on the rise at this time in U.S. history? NATIONALISM: AN “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” REASONS: Success in War of 1812 Nationalist economics: Henry Clay’s American System Boost in federal power from Judiciary American art and literature flourish

3.  What is SECTIONALISM?  First, let’s define REGION.  Part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries  Some REASONS:  Differing economies: Industrial (North) vs. Agricultural (South)  Issues over slavery  Differences in population growth (Immigration )  Development of cities in the North SECTIONALISM SECTIONALISM is an exaggerated devotion or allegiance to the interests of a region (the North vs. the South).

4. THE “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”: AMERICAN NATIONALISM 1812-1855

5.  EQ: How did domestic & foreign policies reflect the nationalism of the times?  Economic  What nationalistic economic policies surfaced during the 1820’s?  The American System, developed by Senator Henry Clay

6. Henry’s Clay’s American System consisted of three main policies:  Protective tariffs  Building new roads & canals to link the states (Atlantic & Midwest)  Establish Second Bank of the U.S.  How do each of these policies promote nationalism?

7.  Henry Clay’s American System West Food Stuffs South Raw Materials (cotton) NE Manufactured Goods Raw materials to cities Manufactured goods Food stuffs to feed workers Migration  What new inventions are being used in each region?

8.  Cultural  Nationalism also influenced art & literature  Literature – American Renaissance  James Fenimore Cooper  The Last of the Mohicans  First American to make a career as a novelist  Webster’s American Dictionary  Novelists expressed pride in the new nation and its immense potential

9.  Cultural  Artists – Depicted America’s beautiful landscape  Hudson River School  Group of landscape painters who used realistic detail to depict the beauty of nature and reflect the spirit of nationalism  How do these images reflect nationalism?

10. ELECTION OF 1816 James Monroe – DR, VA

11. THE VIRGINIA DYNASTY 4 of the first 5 Presidents are from Virginia Monroe is the last of the “Founding Fathers to be President

12. THE MONROE DOCTRINE  Told Europe colonization was over  Western Hemisphere is under American control  Example of American Nationalism

13.  Political  John Quincy Adams (President Monroe’s Secretary of State) promotes national expansion  Adams-Onis Treaty  US gains Florida from Spain, open to settlement  Monroe Doctrine  Latin American nations gained independence from European countries  Warned European countries to stay out of Latin America  How do these policies reflect nationalism?

14.  Domestic  Supreme Court rulings under John Marshall  Chief Justice from 1801 to 1835  Favored a strong federal government, gave more power to the federal government  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)  Denied the right of a state to tax a federal agency (a national bank)  Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)  Upheld congressional power to regulate commerce between states (NY steamboat monopoly)  How did these decisions reflect nationalism?

15. SECTIONALISM – DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH EQ – How did the North and South differ during the early 1800s?

16. Sectional Differences Emerge  Missouri Territory applies for statehood  Why is this a problem?  There are an equal number of slave/free states, Missouri would tip the balance  Henry Clay – Missouri Compromise (1820)  Missouri = slave  Maine = free (split from Massachusetts)  36-30 line: north= free, south = slave

17. Differences between North and South Economy Agricultural, slavery Industrialized NorthSouth

18.  Differences between North and South Pop. Growth & Citizens -Lower population -Slower population growth -Lower education -Population grew quickly -Middle class -Working class -Immigrants face prejudice NorthSouth

19.  Differences between North and South Cities, Develop., & Indust. -Few large cities -Limited regional development -Slavery spread, plantations grow -Industrialization spread quickly -Factories -Cities grew NorthSouth

20. What common interests and similarities do these two regions share? -Both rely on cotton crop -King Cotton -Both rely on new technology -Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) makes cotton profitable

21. 1789- 1819 AMERICAN LAND EXPANSION

22. VERMONT (1791)

23. KENTUCKY (1792)

24.  Cleared 2/3 of Ohio/Indian of Indian Tribes  British abandon NW Territory, flee to Canada THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE (1795)

25.  Normalized relations with Spain  USA gains free access to Mississippi River PINCKNEY’S TREATY (1795)

26. TENNESSEE (1796)

27. OHIO (1803)

28. LOUISIANA (1812)

29.  Settled all border disputes between the USA and Spain  Florida and Western lands were purchased for $5 million ADAMS-ONIS TREATY (1819)