1. Be Prepared!!!  Pick-up the notes from the side table and staple!  Take out yesterday’s assignment (SALES AD)

2. Laborers worked longer hours for lower wages. Mass Production Skilled WorkersProud Creative Management PositionFamilies Whistle Most factories were without heating systems or windows Accidents

3. Wages Organize Trade Unions Artisans in each trade united Shorter Workday Higher Wages Better Working Conditions

4. Strike Workers refuse to do their jobs Ten-HourRight ReplacedDemands Women earned less money then men did. Union leaders did not want women in their ranks.

5. 4United States Famine Disease and Starvation Severe food shortage ShortagesGermany10 1

6. Build CanalsBuild Bridges Lower Stealing Replaced Distrust A political party created because of the hostilities felt toward immigrants. Members of the party were anti-Catholic and anti- immigrant. Nativists NativeWhite “Americans Must Rule America” Servants in Private Homes

7. Political Cartoons Directions: Below are 6 political cartoons depicting the feelings many white, native-born Americans had toward immigrants from Ireland and other European countries. Use the political cartoons to answer the questions.

8. 1. The man on the right is carrying a box marked “Ballot,” what is this cartoon implying Irish immigrants are doing? 2. The man on the left is representing someone from the Know-Nothing Party. What action does this cartoon suggest Americans should take against immigrants? 3. Many Irish families fled Ireland following famine. What does this cartoon suggest about Irish immigrants? 4. During the mid-1800s, Ireland was under British rule. Great Britain would pay for the transportation of impoverished Irish immigrants from Ireland to the United States. Why do you think Great Britain was doing that?

9. 5. This cartoon depicts an Irishman. What can you determine from this picture about the behavior of Irish immigrants? 6. The Irish immigrant is lighting the powder keg he is sitting on top of. What might that represent about the effects immigration has had on the north in the 1800s? 7. This cartoon makes a comparison between the North and the South in the 1840s. Who does the cartoon depict? 8. Drawing from your prior knowledge, what might this political cartoon be saying about Irish Americans in comparison to African Americans?

10. 9. In this cartoon, what might you understand about the treatment of Irish Americans as they are depicted by the “wild beast”? 10. The people outside of the cage represent Native- born Americans. How does this cartoon depict native-born people? 11. Describe this cartoon. What does it imply about Europe and the United States?

11. FreedDiscrimination TroubleJobs Competition A policy or attitude that denies equal rights to certain groups of people

12. John Russwurn Macon Allen Henry Blair Henry Boyd William Whipper Editor of first African American newspaper First African American licensed to practice law in the US Invented a cottonseed planter and corn planter Operated a furniture company in OH Owner of a lumberyard in PA