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The Chemistry of Life REVIEW
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Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are known as ̶ isotopes
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Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the ̶ nucleus
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Van der Waals forces are (stronger or weaker) than chemical bonds. Weaker
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What kind of bonding does the diagram depict? Ionic bonding
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There are ____ electrons being shared between the Carbon atoms. This is referred to as a ____ covalent bond. Six, triple
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A ______ is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. compound
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The atomic structure of a water molecule is useful in demonstrating what kinds of bonds? Covalent bonds
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How many neutrons does the diagram of this atom show? four gkljfgjsdgkjdafgkjdfs gjkafgfadjkgadkjlgalk fadjladlghfadghfadlkj
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OH¯ is a(n) ____ as signified by the negative charge. ion or anion
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A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed is called a(n) _______ molecule. polar
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What kind of electron is in the last shell or energy level of an atom? valence jvbjhvhvb
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In a water molecule, the ______ end is slightly positive while the ______ end is slightly negative. hydrogen, oxygen
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Because the number of positive ions is equal to the number of negative hydroxide ions produced, water is _______. neutral
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Water droplets on pine needles are good demonstration of _________ in that they are different substances. adhesion
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Salt and Water make a solution as Dirt and Water make a _______. suspension
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As demonstrated by the picture, oil is known to be _________ in that it repels, or hates, water. Hydrophobic
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Study the two beakers of solution. Beaker B has (more, less or the same) amount of solute and has (more, less or the same) amount of solvent than the beaker A. same, more AB
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What property of water enables this large tarantula to stay on the surface? cohesion
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What does pH measure? (hint: think about what pH is an abbreviation for) the concentration of H+ ions in solution.
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A(n) ______ is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH¯) in solution while a(n) _______ forms H+ ions in solution. base, acid
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The particles in a (solution or suspension) can be filtered out while the particles in a (solution or suspension) can not. suspension, solution
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Vinegar is to a(n) (acid or base) as ammonia is to a(n) (acid or base). Acid, base. Acetic acid is the main component in vinegar.
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The strong acid hydrogen fluoride (HF) can be dissolved in pure water. Will the pH of the solution be greater or less than 7.0 and why? Less than 7.0 because water is already neutral and it will now be a weak acid.
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Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between ______ atoms. carbon
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Structural support provided by what macromolecule includes membranes, hair and nails? proteins
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Macromolecules are formed by a process known as __________. polymerization
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What compounds consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio? Carbohydrates
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Amino Acids are bonded together by ________ bonds. peptide aa1aa2aa3aa4aa5aa6 Amino Acids (aa)
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What macromolecule does the diagram depict? starch or carbohydrate
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Galactose, fructose and glucose are all examples of ________ in that they are single sugar molecules. monosaccharides Galactose is a component of milk!
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What is the polymer of the following monomer? Nucleic Acid
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What is the metabolic process by which the ‘breaking down’ of complex molecules occurs? Catabolism fdjnfaskdjfnasjdfabfdljkanfdj
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Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in ______ that provides strength. plants glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose cellulose
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Lipid A is a _____ fatty acid because it does not have double bonds. saturated fodjndkfngadf A B
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What kind of macromolecule is chitin? carbohydrate
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Which macromolecule ‘stores the most energy’? lipids
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Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of vertebrates. What kind of protein structure does it demonstrate? Quarternary or 4°
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Lipids such as olive oil, which contains ________ fatty acids, tend to be liquid at room temperature. unsaturated
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Carboydrates: Starch is to Polymer as ______ is to Monomer. Glucose
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Examples of foods containing a high proportion of __________ _________ include cream, cheese, butter, and ghee; suet, tallow, and lard. Saturated fat
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Did you know??? People make sculptures made of butter.. Check it out!
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The following monomer is referred to as - An amino acid
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In the amino acid diagram, the red circle is the _____ group while the blue circle is the ______ group. amino, carboxyl
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In protein structure, what two levels are missing below in order following the Primary structure? Secondary and tertiary kdjbfsafksadbfkab kdjbfsafksb ________?_____ _______?_____
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When the level of glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is released from your liver. It is referred to as an animal starch. This would make it a __________ in that it is made of many sugar units. polysaccharide
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Proteins: The bottom secondary structure is an alpha helix while the top structure is a _______ _______ _______. Beta pleated sheet
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What monomers make up a nucleic acid? nucleotides gfshssfhgsfhsfhsfhsfhsf
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__________ = Monomer Protein = Polymer Complete the analogy. Amino Acid
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The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are known as - reactants
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H₂CO₃ → CO₂ + H₂O Products Reactants ?
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Lipid molecules are made of ______ ______ and ______. Fatty acids and glycerol
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In the following reaction, is energy being absorbed or released? absorbed
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Endothermic reaction= absorbs energy Exothermic reaction: releases energy Exothermic What kind of reaction would you classify this as?
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A catalyst changes the rate at which a reaction occurs by increasing it. Therefore, does the catalyst (decrease or increase) the reaction’s activation energy? Decrease
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A is the _____ while B is the _____. A is the substrate B is the enzyme fdajaklgbf A B
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The substrate attaches to the enzyme at the ______ site. active dkfjbg
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What three factors can change the productivity, or how well it works, of an enzyme? pH, temperature, and salinity
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The following protein has been ________ in that it has unwound or the coils have come undone. denatured bgfxbfgfxhxfghxfgh
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TIE-BREAKER
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What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose. Sucrase
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