1. The Chemistry of Life REVIEW

2. Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are known as ̶ isotopes

3. Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the ̶ nucleus

4. Van der Waals forces are (stronger or weaker) than chemical bonds. Weaker

5. What kind of bonding does the diagram depict? Ionic bonding

6. There are ____ electrons being shared between the Carbon atoms. This is referred to as a ____ covalent bond. Six, triple

7. A ______ is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. compound

8. The atomic structure of a water molecule is useful in demonstrating what kinds of bonds? Covalent bonds

9. How many neutrons does the diagram of this atom show? four gkljfgjsdgkjdafgkjdfs gjkafgfadjkgadkjlgalk fadjladlghfadghfadlkj

10. OH¯ is a(n) ____ as signified by the negative charge. ion or anion

11. A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed is called a(n) _______ molecule. polar

12. What kind of electron is in the last shell or energy level of an atom? valence jvbjhvhvb

13. In a water molecule, the ______ end is slightly positive while the ______ end is slightly negative. hydrogen, oxygen

14. Because the number of positive ions is equal to the number of negative hydroxide ions produced, water is _______. neutral

15. Water droplets on pine needles are good demonstration of _________ in that they are different substances. adhesion

16. Salt and Water make a solution as Dirt and Water make a _______. suspension

17. As demonstrated by the picture, oil is known to be _________ in that it repels, or hates, water. Hydrophobic

18. Study the two beakers of solution. Beaker B has (more, less or the same) amount of solute and has (more, less or the same) amount of solvent than the beaker A. same, more AB

19. What property of water enables this large tarantula to stay on the surface? cohesion

20. What does pH measure? (hint: think about what pH is an abbreviation for) the concentration of H+ ions in solution.

21. A(n) ______ is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH¯) in solution while a(n) _______ forms H+ ions in solution. base, acid

22. The particles in a (solution or suspension) can be filtered out while the particles in a (solution or suspension) can not. suspension, solution

23. Vinegar is to a(n) (acid or base) as ammonia is to a(n) (acid or base). Acid, base. Acetic acid is the main component in vinegar.

24. The strong acid hydrogen fluoride (HF) can be dissolved in pure water. Will the pH of the solution be greater or less than 7.0 and why? Less than 7.0 because water is already neutral and it will now be a weak acid.

25. Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between ______ atoms. carbon

26. Structural support provided by what macromolecule includes membranes, hair and nails? proteins

27. Macromolecules are formed by a process known as __________. polymerization

28. What compounds consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio? Carbohydrates

29. Amino Acids are bonded together by ________ bonds. peptide aa1aa2aa3aa4aa5aa6 Amino Acids (aa)

30. What macromolecule does the diagram depict? starch or carbohydrate

31. Galactose, fructose and glucose are all examples of ________ in that they are single sugar molecules. monosaccharides Galactose is a component of milk!

32. What is the polymer of the following monomer? Nucleic Acid

33. What is the metabolic process by which the ‘breaking down’ of complex molecules occurs? Catabolism fdjnfaskdjfnasjdfabfdljkanfdj

34. Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in ______ that provides strength. plants glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose cellulose

35. Lipid A is a _____ fatty acid because it does not have double bonds. saturated fodjndkfngadf A B

36. What kind of macromolecule is chitin? carbohydrate

37. Which macromolecule ‘stores the most energy’? lipids

38. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of vertebrates. What kind of protein structure does it demonstrate? Quarternary or 4°

39. Lipids such as olive oil, which contains ________ fatty acids, tend to be liquid at room temperature. unsaturated

40. Carboydrates: Starch is to Polymer as ______ is to Monomer. Glucose

41. Examples of foods containing a high proportion of __________ _________ include cream, cheese, butter, and ghee; suet, tallow, and lard. Saturated fat

42. Did you know??? People make sculptures made of butter.. Check it out!

43. The following monomer is referred to as - An amino acid

44. In the amino acid diagram, the red circle is the _____ group while the blue circle is the ______ group. amino, carboxyl

45. In protein structure, what two levels are missing below in order following the Primary structure? Secondary and tertiary kdjbfsafksadbfkab kdjbfsafksb ________?_____ _______?_____

46. When the level of glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is released from your liver. It is referred to as an animal starch. This would make it a __________ in that it is made of many sugar units. polysaccharide

47. Proteins: The bottom secondary structure is an alpha helix while the top structure is a _______ _______ _______. Beta pleated sheet

48. What monomers make up a nucleic acid? nucleotides gfshssfhgsfhsfhsfhsfhsf

49. __________ = Monomer Protein = Polymer Complete the analogy. Amino Acid

50. The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are known as - reactants

51. H₂CO₃ → CO₂ + H₂O Products Reactants ?

52. Lipid molecules are made of ______ ______ and ______. Fatty acids and glycerol

53. In the following reaction, is energy being absorbed or released? absorbed

54. Endothermic reaction= absorbs energy Exothermic reaction: releases energy Exothermic What kind of reaction would you classify this as?

55. A catalyst changes the rate at which a reaction occurs by increasing it. Therefore, does the catalyst (decrease or increase) the reaction’s activation energy? Decrease

56. A is the _____ while B is the _____. A is the substrate B is the enzyme fdajaklgbf A B

57. The substrate attaches to the enzyme at the ______ site. active dkfjbg

58. What three factors can change the productivity, or how well it works, of an enzyme? pH, temperature, and salinity

59. The following protein has been ________ in that it has unwound or the coils have come undone. denatured bgfxbfgfxhxfghxfgh

63. TIE-BREAKER

64. What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose. Sucrase