1. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 12

2. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Figure 12.1 This man was struck above the right eye. He had a small abrasion and bruise when he went to the hospital. However, he was on blood thinners and he continued to bleed from the injury. This blood ran under the surface of the skin. Two days later, when this photo was taken, he had a massive bruise extending from his right eyebrow to his right shoulder.

3. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Figure 12.2 The red areas are lividity; the light band across this woman's back and on her hips is where the weight of the body was as she was lying on her back. The compression of the tissue kept the blood from draining into these areas. See color plate.

4. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Figure 12.3 This woman was supposedly sleeping when a “burglar” shot her. The blood on her side runs counter to gravity. This fact, combined with other evidence, was used to build a case against the husband for her murder.

5. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Figure 12.4 This man shot himself in the face accidentally (he thought the chamber was empty). The blood pumped out of the hole for a distance of approximately 4 feet.

6. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Figure 12.5 (A) These drops are from the head of a man beaten with a pool cue, causing arterial spurting. He went into the bathroom and bled on the shower curtain, wall, and mirror. Note that the blood drops do not go on the ceiling but stop near the top of the mirror. This case caused a great deal of concern because it was difficult to believe that the man was not beaten in the bathroom. The defense contended that he had tried to doctor himself. (B) If the initial crime scene respondents had been observant, they would have seen the clean (i.e., not bloodstained) cotton in his ear, proving the defense's contention.

7. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Figure 12.6 Injury to perpetrator from a knife slip.

8. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Figure 12.7 An abrasion.

9. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Figure 12.8 This man had these slight incisions made by “the same gang that stabbed his wife 87 times.” He was arrested for her murder.

10. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Figure 12.9 These lacerations to the back of the head were caused by a large crescent wrench.

11. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Figure 12.10 This is penetration by a shotgun. The shot liner opened just before contact.

12. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Figure 12.11 This stab wound perforated the knee.

13. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Figure 12.12 This woman's head was crushed by a truck.

14. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Figure 12.13 Cuts across the victim's palms and fingers from grabbing onto the knife.

15. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Figure 12.14 The cut in the back of the victim's shirt.

16. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Figure 12.15 No soil on victim's clothing.

17. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Figure 12.16 No abrasions on victim's clothing.

18. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Figure 12.17 This hole penetrates the shirt in the same location, front and back.

19. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Figure 12.18 Ratio of W/L vs angle of incidence.