2. Raspberry Solar Cells Ben Taylor Interdisciplinary Education Group University of Wisconsin-Madison

3. ENERGY?

4. Electricity

5. ENERGY? Electrons Electricity Electrons

6. ENERGY? Electricity

8. CATHODE (+) BARRIER ANODE (-)

9. BARRIER ANODE (-) CATHODE (+)

11. ANODE (-) CATHODE (+) BARRIER

13. A Carbon-Based Solar Cell 2D-Graphene1D-Carbon Nanotubes Strongest material known – Carbon nanotubes are 300 times stronger than steel. Exceptional electronic properties – Grow metallic and semiconducting. – 1000 times more conductive than copper. – We can use carbon nanotubes to absorb light and generate electricity!

14. How do the Layers in a Solar Cell Work? Raspberry/TiO 2 Carbon NanotubesMaterial Function Light Absorber Charge Extraction Electrode + - + -

15. Silicon (25%) CNTs (1%) Arnold Group Raspberry (0.5-1%) TechnologyFirst Report>1% EfficiencyTime Silicon1941195211 years Polymer1950s1986≈35 years CNTs200920134 years