1. Drift-Reducing Nozzles Rich Affeldt Extension Crop Scientist Jefferson County Acknowledgment: Dr. Tom Wolf, Agri-Food Canada Dr. Bob Wolf, Kansas State University Mark Mellbye, OSU Extension

2. Quick review: Nozzles Are Labeled by Spray Angle and Output An 8002 is? 80 0 And? 0.2 gpm at 40 psi.

3. Choosing nozzles is usually a balance between coverage and drift potential.

4. Nozzle Types

5. Conventional Flat Fan (XR) Proven Wide pressure range Potential for drift

7. Drift Reduction – Pre-Orifice TeeJet DG Drift Guard Turbo TeeJet Turbo FloodJet

8. Drift Guard (DG) Pre-orifice chamber reduces internal nozzle pressure 30-60 psi creates similar amount of fines as normal flat fan at 15-25 psi Higher pressure prevents tailing-off at ends of boom Flat FanDrift Guard

9. Turbo TeeJet (TT) Pre orifice turbulence chamber Wide angle, flood- type, 15-90 psi Medium to coarse droplets

10. Turbo TeeJet (TT)

11. Air Induced (Venturi-type) Venturi chamber mixes air with spray solution Coarse droplets with few fines Not like conventional nozzles at low pressure

12. Air Induced (Venturi-type) Be aware of: –Differences in pressure operating range –Ease of cleaning –Ability to fit into existing nozzle caps Eight brands available in North America

13. TeeJet Air Induction Other similar designs Stainless steel tip Available even fan 40-100 psi –Best from 60-80 psi Requires special cap

14. Greenleaf TurboDrop Most proven 30-150 psi –Best from 60-80 TurboDrop XL –Lower pressure version

15. Greenleaf AirMix Relatively new Lower pressure than most venturi-type –15-90 psi –Best from 25-60 psi

16. New release in 2007: XR outlet with venturi air aspirator design More compact than AI style 2-piece with removable pre- orifice AI XR TeeJet

17. Next Generation Air Induction Nozzles: More compact Larger drops Operates at lower pressures Percentage of fines do not increase with pressure Turbo Injection - TTI

18. Next Generation Air Induction Nozzles: More consistent droplet All-in-one cap and screen Wide angle with 20 degree incline Aim forward or backword Guardian

19. Volume Median Diameter

20. Nozzles-Recommended Use

24. 40 psi XR nozzle 70 psi AI nozzle

26. Comparison with Greenleaf venturi type % spray < 100 microns About 2%

27. Comparison with Greenleaf venturi type % spray < 100 microns 2%

28. Nozzle Summary 1. Conventional (XR) Proven, wide pressure range, drift prone 2. Pre-orifice (DG, TT) Proven, higher pressures, 50% less drift 3. Low-Pressure Air Induced (“venturi”) Reasonable press., more water, 50-70% less drift 4. High Pressure Air Induced (“venturi”) Higher press, more water, 70-95% less drift

29. Twin Jet Nozzles Often marketed for “better canopy penetration” Research at KSU in soybean showed less canopy penetration than a single orifice nozzle

30. Calibration!!!! The next phase! Ensuring that the spray droplet spectrum is what it is supposed to be to maximize efficacy while minimizing drift!

31. Volume Median Diameter

32. Source: Crop Life – July 2002 >150 151- 250 251- 350 351- 450 451- 550 >551

35. Droplet Selection/Calibration:

37. Droplet Spectra Classification*

38. Greenleaf Droplet chart:

41. Volume Median Diameter (VMD) 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 70 psi % less than 210 Microns 37 51 36 35 45 23 30 14 15 2619 22 14 13 2210 17 29 15 Bob Klein, U of Nebraska Percent fines

42. On the Internet http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/FS919.pdf –Summary of drift reducing nozzles www.bae.ksu.edu/faculty/wolf/ –A leading expert on nozzle technology http://www.teejet.com http://www.turbodrop.com/ –http://aandlsupply.comhttp://aandlsupply.com Regional supplier of GreenLeaf nozzles

43. VariTarget: Speed variations from 2-20 MPH Application rates of 5-40 GPA Variable area pre orifice Variable area spray orifice Optimize spray droplet size Maintain efficacy and minimize drift

44. www.spraytarget.com