1. Bret Rush PBI - Gordon Representative Indiana & Illinois Bret Rush PBI - Gordon Representative Indiana & Illinois

2. Today’s agenda * A few things to think about… * Weeds & Herbicides. * New Formulation Technology * Questions ??

4. 2 Ft. of Snow!

5. It’s coming !!

9. When do I apply Post-emerge Herbicides The weed must be actively growing in order to get control. Depending of the weed species in your lawn you may need to make an early spring application to control over- wintering annual and perennial weeds Common early spring weeds include: –Dandelions, Clover, Chickweed, Henbit, and Mallow

10. When do I apply? (cont.) Summer is generally not a good time for weed control. The hot dry conditions of summer causes the weeds to quit growing in order for the plant to conserve moisture. Also the turf may be stressed by these conditions. These weeds are best controlled with a late spring application-- not summer: Knotweed Spurge Purslane Plantains Oxalis and others

11. Broadleaf Herbicides and how they work Different herbicides work well on specific weeds –2,4-D has superior control on dandelions and plantain. –While MCPP (Mecoprop) provides strong clover, chickweed and black medic control. –Dicamba has excellent control on knotweed. When reacted together under the proper conditions, these three herbicides become stronger and more effect on more weeds than if use separately or just mixed together.

12. 1. Understand the weeds you deal with Lifecycles Perennial Annual –Winter –Summer Biennial (not many in turf)

13. Perennial Weeds Dandelion* White clover* Broadleaf plantain* Creeping Charlie (Ground Ivy) Wild violet Mouse-ear chickweed*… Best time for control of perennial weeds?

14. Fall

15. Life cycle of an annual weed Seed Seedling Plant flowers Plant sets seed Plant dies Dead

16. Life cycle of a winter annual weed Seed Plant sets seed Germination SpringWinter Summer Dead Fall

17. Winter Annuals Common chickweed* Henbit Common mallow Corn speedwell… Best time for control –Fall

18. Life cycle of a winter annual weed Seed Plant sets seed Germination SpringWinter Summer Dead Fall

19. Life cycle of a summer annual weed Seed Seedling Plant flowers Plant sets seed Plant dies Spring-Summer Fall Spring-Summer Dead Germination

20. Summer Annuals Prostrate spurge* Prostrate knotweed** Black medic Yellow woodsorrel Common purslane Best time for control –Spring/Early Summer

25. 3. Ester vs. Amine Ester Formulations (Oil based) Faster Better in cool weather Increased volatility Amine Formulations (Water Based) Slower Better in warm weather No volatility

26. High & low volatile esters High Volatile Esters 2,4-D ethyl ester 2,4-D butyl ester 2,4-D iso-butyl ester Low Volatile Esters 2,4-D ethyl hexyl ester 2,4-D iso-octyl ester

27. Amine (Water based) Trimec on 5-10-2013 Sprayed on 5-4-2013 Soil Temp: 40 ⁰ Air Temp: 37 ⁰ Ester (Oil based) SpeedZone on 5-10-2013 Sprayed on 5-4-2013 Contains Carfentrazone Soil Temp: 40 ⁰ Air Temp: 37 ⁰

28. Trimec 992 on 5-10-2013 Sprayed on 5-4-2013 (Air Temp: 37 ⁰F, Soil Temp 40 ⁰F)

29. SpeedZone on 5-10-2013 Sprayed on 5-4-2013

30. Trimec 992 on 5-15-2013 Sprayed on 5-4-2013

31. SpeedZone on 5-15-2013 Sprayed on 5-4-2013

32. SAME RATE: Per 1,000 Square Feet 3 gals./1,000 sq. ft. 1 gal./1,000 sq. ft. Which applies MORE herbicide??

33. Follow label directions ?? Call someone

34. Low Volume 1 gallon/1,000 sq. ft. or 44 gallons/acre

35. High volume 3 gallon/1,000 sq. ft. or 132 gallons/acre

36. Do you use backpacks?

37. Low volume-flat fan

38. Higher Volume – Hollow cone

39. Flat fan nozzles should only be held in a stationary position while spraying.

40. Attached to a backpack sprayer

41. What happened?

42. Spray wand held correctly, non-swinging arm motion providing a flat band pattern Spray wand turned sideways “swinging arm motion” resulting In a zig zag pattern. Slide of Spray Techniques Used For Training of Applicators Glyphosate mis-application

43. Uniform weed or insect control?

44. Drying Patterns Flat fan nozzle turned sideways using a “swinging arm motion” Initially the pattern appears uniform

45. Zig Zag pattern is starting to show Over application in others areas can result in injury. Drying Patterns Uneven pattern- - under application can result in poor control

46. Over Application As the spraying pattern continues to dry, under application becomes more obvious. Drying Patterns Uniform weed or insect control?

47. Boom sprayer – clogged nozzles

48. CALIBRATION

49. Calibration

50. Spray Rate vs Spray Volume Spray Rate vs Spray Volume RATE: Per 1,000 Square Feet

53. Current T-Zone Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Solvents & emulsifiers are used in the EC formulation to allow the formulation to be mixed with water & form a temporary emulsion in the spray tank. Thus, the milky white appearance when mixed.

54. Why a new TZone EPA regulations (of course) –VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) –VOCs are “ozone precursors” –Regulated under the U.S. Clean Air Act T-Zone EC has VOCs typical of other commercial EC-s in the market.

55. Solid: (Sulfentrazone) Suspo-Emulsion Formulation A Suspo-Emulsion (SE) is used for a combination of active ingredients with very different physical properties in one formulation. The combination of a suspended solid active(s) & physically stabilized emulsified oil active ingredients in a continuous aqueous phase is defined as a Suspo-Emulsion.

56. T-Zone SE Contains Suspended solid: Sulfentrazone Oil droplets: Triclopyr ester, 2,4-D ester & Dicamba –2,4-D ester is used as the solvent/emulsifier. Water –Becomes the carrier (solvent) Oil: (Triclopyr + 2,4-D + Dicamba) Solid: (Sulfentrazone)

57. Real World Suspo-Emulsions

58. Improved Profile –Lower VOC EPA won’t let PBI claim low VOCs (go figure) –No solvent –Reduced Phyto Potential due to reduced solvent. –Less odor Same Dependable Performance Benefits of SE Formulation

59. T-Zone EC vs. T- Zone SE –The difference “SE” on the label The concentrated product will be milky white. T-Zone (EC formulation)

60. Same ai Load as Current T- Zone –% ai Slightly Less - Due to the product being slightly heavier per gallon. –Lb. ai/gal is the same. T-Zone Contains the exact same amount of active ingredient per gallon

61. Tzone SE and Tzone EC Comparisons Tzone SETzone EC % A.I.# A.I./Gal% A.I.# A.I./Gal 2,4-D Acid19.44%1.7521.18%1.75 Triclopyr Acid5.55%0.506.04%0.50 Dicamba2.22%0.202.43%0.20 Sulfentrazone0.66%0.060.73%0.06 Specific Gravity 8.98 #/gal8.26 #/gal Water-BasedOil-Based

62. Labeled for: Cool-season turf: Kentucky bluegrass Ryegrass Fescues Warm-season turf (Dormant turf only): Hybrid bermudagrass Common bermudagrass Zoysiagrass Bahiagrass

63. Target Weeds – Triclopyr Weeds * with a sulfentrazone boost for speed and yellow nutsedge suppression

64. 2X the Triclopyr per Acre Effective control of tough weeds

65. Sizes available 2 x 2.5 gallon 4 x 1 gallon 12 x 1 quart