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LEWIS STRUCTURES
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Lewis Dot Diagrams Show the valence electrons for an element. Steps. 1. Draw element Symbol 2. Place the number of electrons around the symbol. One dot per electron. Ex. Carbon
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Examples Silicon Oxygen Fluorine
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Lewis Structures Combining of the dot diagrams to show bonding and to predict shape.
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Steps for Lewis Structures 1. Add up total number of valence electrons. 2. Draw a skeleton (Carbon, the solo element, or the most electronegative element goes in the middle) ★ Hydrogen and the Halogens CANNOT be in the center. 3. Distribute the electrons as PAIRS. Start from the outside and move inward. 4. Count and adjust electrons till each element has 8. (except Hydrogen)
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Examples CF 4 PH 3 H 2 O O 2 (Careful)
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Polyatomics Same as compounds but you must add/subtract the charge from the electrons in step 1. And place the structure in brackets with the charge outside. Ex. Hydroxide. How many electrons in a neutral OH? 7 How many in OH - ? 8
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Examples SO 4 2- NH 4 + CO 3 2-
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Review Draw the Lewis structures for: CO 2 F 2 CH 2 Cl 2 SO 3 2-
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VSEPR THEORY (A FANCY WAY TO PREDICT SHAPES)
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VSEPR Stands for “Valence shell Electron pair Repulsion” V-Valence S-Shell E-Electron P-Pair R-Repulsion Basically Electrons don’t like each other very much!
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5 Shapes Tetrahedral- four single bonds Trigonal Pyramidal- 3 single bonds and 1 lone pair Trigonal planar – 2 single, 1 double Bent- 2 bonds (any type) and lone pairs Linear- 2 bonds no lone pairs or just 2 atoms
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Practice Draw the Lewis structure and predict the shape CF 4 Tetrahedral PH 3 Trigonal Pyramidal SO 3 Trigonal Planar H2OH2O Bent
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Predict the shape of the following PF 3 Trigonal Pyrimidal NO 3 - Trigonal Planar SO 4 2- Tetrahedral SF 2 Bent SiO 2 Linear
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LAB TIME!
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