2. Unit 9 Rocks and Minerals

3. Topic: Minerals  Key terms:  Matter  Elements  Atoms  Mineral

4. Mineral Uses Quartz

5. Graphite

6. Halite

7. Talc

8. Gypsum

9. How many different minerals are there?  4,000 known minerals, according to the International Mineralogical Association International Mineralogical Association International Mineralogical Association

10. Elements ---- ---- ----

12. Matter ----

13. Atoms mmmmade of three particles PPPProtons=Positive(+) NNNNeutrons=Neutral(0) EEEElectrons=Negative(-)

14. Take out ESRT pg 1

15. Atoms make up Elements… Elements make up MINERALS!!!

16. What is a mineral? 1)Solid 2)Inorganic: not, or never was, living

17. 3) Definite chemical composition  Elements that make up the mineral  Example: Mineral Halite (aka Salt) Composition: Sodium (Na) & Chlorine (Cl) Chemical Formula: NaCl

18. 4) Crystalline structure The pattern of molecules repeated throughout the mineral – gives a mineral it’s properties! gives a mineral it’s properties!

19. 5) Naturally Occurring

20. Silicon Tetrahedron - -

21. Review: What is a mineral? ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

22. Final Question:  Can water, H 2 O, ever be considered a mineral? If so, how?

23. Topic: Identifying Minerals  Key Term:  Color  Streak  Hardness  Luster  Cleavage  Fracture

24. *-

25. Look at the last page of ESRT to find the minerals you need to know.

26. On the mineral chart Elements that make up the minerals

27. Tests for Identifying Minerals

28. Test 1: Color Test

29. *Color is not the best property to use when identifying a mineral. Why? 1) - 2) -

30. Test 2: Luster  Luster -

31.  Metallic - Non-metallic -

32. Luster Metallic dullglassypearly Non-Metallic All minerals

33. Luster Examples of Metallic Luster Pyrite, Galena

34. Luster Examples of Non- Metallic Luster (Dull) Earthy Corundum Glassy Quartz Pearly Opal

35. Find Hematite on mineral chart  What is unique about hematite’s luster? Either

36. Test 3: Streak Test  The streak - We use a streak plate

37. Where is streak on the chart? Look under Distinguishing characteristics to find streak

38. Pyrite is a brassy yellow, but in a powder is green-black

39. What is the color of hematite's streak?

40. Test 4: Hardness Test  A mineral’s hardness is -

42. Hardness Test  Mohs Scale of Hardness (1-10) 1.Talc6.Feldspar 2.Gypsum7.Quartz 3.Calcite8.Topaz 4.Fluorite9.Corundum 5.Apatite10.Diamond

43. Hardness Tools  Fingernail 2.5  Penny 3.5  Iron Nail4.5  Glass Plate5.5  Steel File6.5  Streak Plate7

44. Hardness Test Talc = hardness of 1 Diamond = hardness of 10

45. Test 5: The way a mineral breaks 1) Cleavage -

46.  Basal Cleavage: Mica

47.  Cubic Cleavage: Halite

48.  Rhombohedral Cleavage: Calcite

49. 2) Fracture- - Rose Quartz

50.  Splintery Fracture: Hornblende

51.  Conchoidal Fracture: Obsidian

52. The check indicates if a mineral has fracture or cleavage

53. Watch out for Crystals Pyrite – looks like flat surfaces, however these crystals did not break, they grew into this shape.

54. Other identification tests

55. HCl Acid Calcite  Acid Test for Calcite and Dolomite  HCl— bubbles or fizzes

56.  Smell Test for Sulfur  Smells like rotten eggs

57.  Magnetism for Magnetite

58.  Taste Test for Halite

59. Optical Properties – Double refraction Mineral – Iceland Spar Calcite

60. Fluorescence: some minerals glow under ultraviolet light Franklinite from Franklin, New Jersey

61. Compare Diamond and Graphite Graphite Chemical Composition is Carbon (C) Diamond Can we use a diamond like we use graphite?

62. Arrangement of atoms